Seniority systems

Sec. 112. Expansion of Right to Challenge Discriminatory Seniority Systems. 

For purposes of this section, an unlawful employment practice occurs, with respect to a seniority systan that has been adopted for an intentionally discriminatory purpose in violation of this title (whether or not that discriminatory pnrpose is apparent on the face of the seniority provision), when the seniority system is adopted, when an individual becomes subject to the seniority system, or when a person aggrieved is injured by the application of the seniority system or provision of the system. ... 

As can be seen, the BFOQ defense does place a burden upon the company, as well as the safety professional, to meet the requirements of this possible defense. Safety professionals should also be aware that bona fide seniority systems are permitted under the ADEA so long as the seniority system is based on the length of service as the primary criteria, effectively communicated to all employees and uniformly applied to all employees irrespective of the employee s age. ... 

We agreed with Evans that the airline s seniority system [did] indeed have a continuing impact on her pay and fringe benefits, id., at 558, 97 S.Ct. 1885, but we noted that the critical question [was] 2168 whether any present violation exist[ed]. Ibid, (emphasis in original). We concluded that the continuing effects... 

True, 112 of the 1991 Civil Rights Act directly addressed only seniority systems. See ante, at 2169, and n. 2. But Congress made clear (1) its view that this Court had unduly contracted the scope of protection afforded by Title Vll and other civil rights statutes, and (2) its aim to generalize the ruUng in Bazemore. As the Senate Report accompanying the proposed Civil Rights Act of 1990, the precursor to the 1991 Act, explained ... 

See also 137 Cong. Rec. 29046, 29047 (1991) (Sponsors Interpretative Memorandum) ( This legislation should be interpreted 2184 as disapproving the extension of [Lorance] to contexts outside of seniority systems. ). But cf. ante, at 2174 (relying on Lorance to conclude that when an employer issues paychecks pursuant to a system that is facially nondiscriminatory and neutrally applied a new Title VII violation does not occur (internal quotation marks omitted)). 

Safety professionals should be aware that the Equal Pay Act only prohibits wage differentials for equal job functions based only on sexual differences. Wage differences based on other factors such as merit pay, incentive pay, in accordance with a seniority system, shift differentials, or training programs are usually outside of the requirements of the Equal Pay Act. Safety professionals should also be aware that the Equal Pay Act requires all documents related to the payment of wages, wage rates, job evaluations, merit and incentive pay systems, seniority systems to be maintained for a period not less than two years. ... 

A) to observe the terms of a bona fide seniority system that is not intended to evade the purposes of this chapter, except that no such seniority systan shall require or permit the involuntary retironent of any individual specified by section 631(a) of this title because of the age of such individual or... 

A seniority system or employee benefit plan shall comply with this chapter regardless of the date of adoption of such system or plan. 

Linda Slonksnes Senior Systems Engineer Science Applications International Corporation... 

Confucianism, Japanese citizens have been taught from early childhood that seniors must be respected, admired, looked after kindly, etc. In the seniority system as an employment convention, an employee s position or job rank, as well as salary, will have increased according to age and experience in the crrrrent organisation. 

Jenkins, Dennis R. Space Shuttle The History of the National Space Transportation System—The First One Hundred Missions. 3d ed. Dennis R. Jenkins, 2001. A history of the space shuttle from a spacecraft-design perspective. Detailed schematic diagrams and voluminous photos of construction, maintenance, and operation of the shuttle reveal much about the art of manned spacecraft engineering. Mishkin, Andrew. Sojourner An Insider s View of the Mars Pathfinder Mission. New York Berkeley Books, 2003. The author is a senior systems engineer for NASA. His book is a personal glimpse of spacecraft engineering and operations. 

Control Room Support Manager Senior Control Engineers x 4 Senior Systems Engineer... 

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