Semiconductors and Nanotechnology

Semiconductors and nanotechnology have become interconnected, and their development has resulted in new and interesting devices and methodologies. 

A wide variety of solid-state sensors based on hydrogen-specific palladium, metal oxide semiconductor (MOS), CB, electrochemical, and surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology are used in the industry for several years. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and nanotechnology-based devices for the measurement of hydrogen are the recent developments. These developments are mainly driven by the demands of the fuel cell industry. Solid-state approaches are gaining rapid popularity within the industry due to their low cost, low maintenance, replacements, and flexibility of multiple installations with minimal labor. 

Duan, X. Lieber, C. M. 2005. Semiconductor nanowires Rational synthesis. In Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, edited by Schwarz J. A., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. 

V. I. Klimov, Linear and Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy of Semiconductor Nanocrystals, in Handbook of Nanostmctured Materials and Nanotechnology , ed. H.S. Nalwa, Academic Press, San Diego, 2000, p. 563. 

T. Yadav et al., Semiconductor and Device Nanotechnology and Methods for their Manufacture, U.S. Patent 6,946,197 (2004). 

Pientka M, Dyakonov V, Meissner D, Rogach A, Talapin D, Weller H, Lutsen L, Vanderzande D (2004) Photoinduced charge transfer in composites of conjugated polymers and semiconductor nanocrystals. Nanotechnology 15 163... 

Summary. Electrochemical nanotechnology and its analytical and preparative aspects using local probe techniques such as STM and AFM are described. Typical examples for in-situ application of local probe methods in different electrochemical systems are discussed UPD and OPD of metals and nanostructuring of metal, semiconductor, and superconductor surfeces. 

Figure 21.2 Chemical composition of the most commonly used quantum dots in biological applications, (a) CdSe quantum dots functionalized with mercaptoacetic acid, whose —SH bonds directly to the semiconductor, leaving the carboxylate group ftee to interact with aqueous solution, (b) CdSe quantum dots with a 1 to 2 nm thick layer of ZnS or CdS, functionalized with mercaptoacetic acid, (c) CdSe/ZnS quantum dots coated with polymers and the protein strepta-vidin. The overall nanocrystal size is a function of the surface coating and/or functionalization. (Repoduced with permission from V. H. Grassian, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Environmental and Health Impacts. Copyright 2008 John Wiley Sons Inc.)...

The prefix nano means 10 . aoo(Section 1.4) When people speak of nanotechnology, they usually mean making devices that are on the 1-100-nm scale. It turns out that the properties of semiconductors and metals change in this size range. Nanomaterials— materials that have dimensions on the 1-100-nm scale—are under intense investigation in research laboratories around the world, and chemistry plays a central role in this investigation. 

The Handbook of Acid-Base Indicators contains practical information for widespread applications that include semiconductors, displays, nanotechnology, OLEDs, fuel cells, sensors, security, surface coatings, adhesives, insecticides, agricultural chemicals, textiles, packaging, cosmetics, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and the detection and treatment of disease. 

In recent years, the development of semiconductor-polymer nanocomposite materials has become an important research area of nanoscience and nanotechnology as these nanocomposites combine the advantageous properties of polymers with the unique size-tunable optical, electronic, catalytic, and other properties of semiconductor nanoparticles [227-229]. A number of methods are available for producing hybrids of polymers with semiconductor nanoparticles. Two widely used methods, i.e. melt blending and in-situ polymerization, for synthesis of semiconductor-polymer nanocomposites are discussed here. 

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