Self-tanning products

Self-tanning products and a close-up of a label showing the contents. 

Polyacrylamide is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, self-tanning products, etc. Polyacrylamides were first used as an implantable carrier for sustained delivery of insulin to lengthen the life of diabetic rats. Since then, various drug delivery systems based on polyacrylamide have been developed. It is also used as a carrier for other bioactive macromolecules and cells to produce the desired effects. Polyacrylamide-chitosan hydrogels are biocompatible and are used for sustained antibiotic release. Polyacrylamide is also used in extra corporeal toxin-removing devices, which remove unwanted toxic substances and subsequently returns the detoxified component to the circulation effectively. The function of polyacrylamide in an extracorporeal toxin removal modality is to provide a support matrix for immobilization of the functional parts or ligands. 

PG is also used to prevent slow deterioration of cosmetics and personal care products caused by chemical reactions with oxygen, inhibiting the formation or accumulation of free radicals that may cause the deterioration of the product. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel evaluated the scientific data and concluded that PG was safe in the practices of use in cosmetics and personal care products at concentrations less than or equal to 0.1% [5]. It is used in many product categories, including lipsticks, bath products, skin cleansing products, moisturizers, skin care products, makeup products, self-tanning products, and sunscreen and suntan products. 

Chem. Descrip. C14-22 alcohol and C12-20 alkyl glucoside Uses Emulsifier for personal care low-vise, emulsions including body lotions, fluid creams, sun sprays and self-tan products, fluid foundations Features Natural provide Montanov S [Seppic]... 

Uses Cosurfactant, solvent for active ingreds. in cosmetic anhyd. microemulsions solubilizer, efficacy booster for cosmetics including self tanning products, antiper-spirants, antimicrobial soaps, nail polish removers, hair care, skin care, sun care, toiletries... 

A consumer aeeeptance barrier to the use of sohd silicon in virtually all dermatological formulations is its dark gray color. While with brown porous silicon powders one can match skin tones, it still remains a challenge with sunscreen lotions to maintain the white color that consumers associate with this product, before application to the skin. In this regard, bronzer (self-tan) formulations (see Fig. 2) could be a more suitable target for mesoporous silicon. 

Fig. 2 Bronzer product examples. Increasingly, sueh self-tan formulations are incorporating sunscreens...

Surface-Active Materials. The active defoamer components are necessarily surface active materials, but this ancillary category covers the surfactants that are often incorporated in the formulation for other effects such as emulsification or to enhance dispersion. Emulsifiers are essential in the common oil-in-water emulsion systems, but they are also required where mixtures of active liquid components are used. For example, specialized oil-in-oil emulsifiers are needed in defoamers based on silicone/polyether mixtures, oil-in-water emulsifiers are incorporated in some defoamers even when the final product contains no water. This is to promote emulsification (self-emulsifiable) or dispersion into aqueous foaming systems. These additives increase the speed of foam decay by promoting rapid dispersion of the defoamer throughout the foaming media. Examples of emulsifying agents used in defoamer compositions are fatty acid esters and metallic soaps of fatty acids fatty alcohols and sulfonates, sulfates, and sulfosuccinates sorbi-tan esters ethoxylated products such as ethoxylated octyl or nonylphenols and silicone-polyether copolymers. 

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