Self-representation

Life involves (1) a pattern in spacetime (rather than a specific material object) (2) self-reproduction, in itself or in a related organism (3) information-storage of a self-representation (4) metabolism that converts matter/energy (5) functional interactions with the environment (6) interdependence of parts within the organism (7) stability under perturbations of the environment and (8) the ability to evolve. 

A qualitative examination of the visual self-representation of chemistry reveals that three specific motifs prevail so strongly that they have assumed a stereotypical character the image of a scientist holding up a piece of glassware and gazing at its contents as the key pose of chemical portraiture, chemical landscapes of smokestacks and conduits in atmospherically illuminated skies, and chemical still lifes of various flasks filled with colored liquids. In this chapter we have examined these motifs within the broader cultural-historical context. Not surprisingly, all three chemical motifs can be traced back to longer traditions of the fine arts... 

I talked to employees, managers, and external customers. These talks lasted around 5 minutes each, and were put into writing from memoiy after each event The last source of data was archival data which was obtained by firm reports, homepages, and other publicly available material. In many cases, success stories of embedded lead users could be found in the self representation of companies (e.g. Chouinard 2005 Levitt 2009]. 

An alternative and much more flexible approach is represented hy the STAR file format [L48, 149, which can be used for building self-describing data files. Additionally, special dictionaries can be constructed, which specify more precisely the contents of the eorresponding data files. The two most widely used such dictionaries (and file formats) arc the CIF (Crystallographic Information File) file format [150] - the International Union of Crystallography s standard for representation of small molecules - and mmCIF [151], which is intended as a replacement for the PDB format for the representation of macromolecular structures,... 

The main characteristics of the method, developed in our group for reaction classification arc 1) the representation of a reaction by physicochemical values calculated for the bonds being broken and made during the reaction, and 2 use of the unsupervised learning method of a self-organi2ing neural network for the perception of similarity of chemical reactions [3, 4],... 

Constanciel R and R Contreras 1984. Self-Consistent Field Theory of Solvent Effects Representation by Continuum Models - Introduction of Desolvation Contribution. Theoretica Chimica Acta 65 1-11. 

Data on chemical properties such as self-dissociation constants for sulfuric and dideuterosulfuric acid (60,65,70,71), as well as an excellent graphical representation of physical property data of 100% H2SO4 (72), are available in the Hterature. Critical temperatures of sulfuric acid solutions are presented in Figure 10 (73). 

It will be noted that because of the low self-diffusion coefficients the numerical values for representations of self-diffusion in silicon and germanium by Anhenius expressions are subject to considerable uncertainty. It does appear, however, that if this representation is used to average most of the experimental data the equations are for silicon... 

To overcome the limitations of the database search methods, conformational search methods were developed [95,96,109]. There are many such methods, exploiting different protein representations, objective function tenns, and optimization or enumeration algorithms. The search algorithms include the minimum perturbation method [97], molecular dynamics simulations [92,110,111], genetic algorithms [112], Monte Carlo and simulated annealing [113,114], multiple copy simultaneous search [115-117], self-consistent field optimization [118], and an enumeration based on the graph theory [119]. 

Contracts with the federal government require compliance with Executive Order Nos. 11625 and 12138 to utilize small and small disadvantaged businesses. The contractor/subcontractor must complete a copy of the representations and certifications providing self-certification of business classification under existing federal definitions. The representations and certifications also provide tax identification information required by the Internal Revenue Service. The original of the representation and certification form should be sent to regional purchasing and a copy included in the project file. 

It is expected, however, that the Gaussian representation is inadequate in transient elongational flow, even if the chain is only weakly deformed. During a fast deformation, the presence of non-equilibrium effects, like internal viscosity , noncrossability and self-entanglements will stiffen the molecular coil which is now capable of storing a much larger amount of elastic energy than that predicted from Eq. (113). 

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