Self-Rating Depression Scale

Zung, W. W. K. (1965). A self-rating depression scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12, 63-70. 

Depression Status Inventory. The Depression Status Inventory (DSI) scale is the professional s version of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Each of the two scales (DSI and SDS) consists of the same 20 items rated on a four-point scale and is applied to adults with depressive symptomatology. The DSI is completed by the professional, and the SDS is completed by the patient. Both tests take about 5 to 10 minutes to complete. The DSI rates either the present situation or the last week prior to the test, and a total score is obtained. 

Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. The SDS test requires approximately 5 to 10 minutes to complete. 

Zung, W.W. The depression status inventory an adjunct to the Self-Rating Depression Scale. J. Clin. Psychol. 28(4), 539-543, 1972. 

Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) Patient-rated 20-item scale, 4-point severity <50 normal 50-59 minimal-mild 60-69 moderate-marked >70 severe depression Severity rated by frequency of occurrence of symptoms. May not be as sensitive in measuring changes in severity of symptoms... 

Zou, L., Harkey, M.R. and Henderson, G.L. (2002) Effects of herbal components on cDNA-expressed cytochrome P450 enzyme catalytic activity. Life Sciences, 71, 1579-1589-Zung, W.W.K. (1965) A self-rating depression scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12, 63—IQ-... 

Schlich, Braukmann and Schenk 1987 49 depressed mood (not specified) Psychotonin M 3 x 20 drops 4 weeks A 46 completed patients (22 Hyp/24 Pic) R HAMD decrease in mean total score from 22.9 to 16.4 (placebo 24.0 to 29.6), p<0.05 (U-test) Self-rating symptom scale significantly better improvement compared to placebo in 11 out of 18 symptoms, p<0.05 (Chi-square test)... 

Beck Depression Inventory. The Beck Depression Inventory (Beck) test may be used to measure the depth of depression as a rapid screen for depressed patients. It is a self-rating scale of 21 items (13 in a shortened form), with each item rated on a four-point scale. It measures the immediate present and has been used in antidepressant medicine trials. The original 21-item scale can be completed in about 10 minutes and the test is able to discriminate between anxiety and depression. No subtests are present in the Beck. 

Carroll Rating Scale for Depression. The Carroll Rating Scale for depression (52-item self-rating scale) is scored with yes or no answers by patients. It was designed to match closely the information content and specific items included in the Hamilton rating scale. It has been vahdated by comparisons with both the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Beck and requires approximately 20 minutes to complete. Seventeen components of depression are measured. 

Hopkins Symptom Checklist. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) is a scale that has been used to measure the presence and intensity of various symptoms in outpatient neurotic patients. It is a 58-item self-rating scale and has generally been replaced by the Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SCL-90). It measures the symptoms during the past week and requires approximately 20 minutes to complete. There are five subtests somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, and anxiety. 

The Beck Depression Inventory is a 21-item self-rating scale to assess key symptoms of depression such as mood deterioration, pessimism, guilt, selfpunishment, self-dislike, self-accusations, suicidality, crying, irritability, social... 

The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Report (IDS-SR) is a 29-item self-rating scale for the evaluation of depressive symptom severity. Each item is rated on a defined four-step scale (0 3). Analysis of sensitivity to change in symptom severity in an open-label trial showed that the IDS-SR was highly correlated with the 17-item HRSD (Rush et at., 1996). 

The Fear Questionnaire (FQ) is a 24-item self-rated scale used mainly for assessments in phobias. One component of the scale evaluates phobic behavior associated with a number of situations, whereas another component assesses symptoms of anxiety, depression and general distress caused by phobia (Marks and Mathews, 1979). The social phobia, strongly related to social anxiety, and most of the subscales are significantly related to neuroticism. The FQ has been utilized in several trials of social anxiety disorder. 

Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Patient-rated 21-item scale 0-9 = normal 10-15 = mild depression 16-19 = mild-moderate 20-29 = moderate-severe 30-63 = severe depression The standard for self-rating scales and an objective measure of change in symptoms as a result of treatment... 

Quandt, Schmidt and Schenk 1993 88 (30 m/58 f) mild to moderate neurotic depression (HAMD >16) [ICD-9 300.4] Psychotonin M 3 x 30 drops 4 weeks A all randomized patients (Hyp 44, Pic 44) R HAMD-17 decrease in mean total score from 17.8 to 5.2 (placebo 17.3 to 15.5), p<0.001 (U-test) response rate (decrease in totai score >50% or total score <10) 70.7% (placebo 7.1%) Self-rating scale (not specified) decrease in symptom severity 74% (placebo 6.1%) 9 symptoms were significantly more alleviated under active medication than under placebo, p<0.01 (Chi-square test, a-correction acc. to Bonferroni)... 

Witte. Harrer, Kaptan, Podzuweit, and Schmidt 1995 97 (33 mJ64 f) moderate depressive Episode (HAMD >16) [ICD-10 F32.1] Psychotonin forte 2 x 100-120 mg 6 weeks A 88 patients with at least 4 weeks treatment (last value carried forward) (Hyp 43, Pic 45) R HAMD response rate (decrease in total score >50% or total score <10) 79% (placebo 56%). p<0.02 (Chi-square test), decrease in mean total score from 24,6 to 7,9 (placebo approx. 23 to 11) D-S (self-rating scale) decrease in mean total score from approx. 25 to 7 (placebo approx. 22 to 11) CGI change 67% of patients "vety much improved (placebo 30%), p<0.005 (Chi-square test) Patient s global impression full remission in 44% of patients, improvement in a further 36% (placebo 3% and 63%, respectively) STAI mean decrease in XI score 38% and in X2 score 39% (placebo 19% and 20%, respectively)... 

A quantitative evaluation of the depressive state was made by means of the self-rating scale of Aitken (30), with the criterion of improvement being a decrease in the rating score of at least 60%. The MHPG values given for each subject under each experimental circumstance are means of values measured on four consecutive days. 

Self-Report Symptom Inventory. Each of the 90 items in the SCL-90 uses a five-point scale of distress. It was designed as a general measure of symptomatology for use by adult psychiatric outpatients in either a research or clinical setting. It rates either the present or previous week. It requires about 15 minutes for the patient to complete this form and about 5 minutes for a technician to verify identifying information. This test is sensitive to drug effects and may be used with inpatients. Nine subscales are measured somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, anger-hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism. 

In a double-blind, parallel-group study, Bondareff et id. (2000) compared the SSRI sertraline and the tricyclic compound nortriptyline with regard to their efficacy and safety in a group of 210 outpatients 60 years and older. The patients met the DSM-DI-R criteria for major depressive episode and had a minimum score of 18 on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Their mean age was about 68 years, most patients were white and about 60% were female the severity of depression was rated as moderate in more than 70% and as severe in more than 20% of the cases. The daily doses of sertraline were between 50 and 150 mg, and those of nortriptyline were 25 100 mg the treatment lasted 12 weeks. In addition to clinical rating scales and self-assessment instruments, patients took the following tests of cognitive performance ... 

Most efficacy trials with reboxetine have so far only been published in review articles ( 178). Most of these articles did not have peer review and do not contain the full details concerning methodology or results. This fact limits the ability to accurately determine its relative efficacy and tolerability. In short-term (4 to 8 weeks), placebo-controlled clinical trials, reboxetine produced a response (defined as at least a 50% reduction in severity scores) in 56% to 74% of patients. These results were statistically superior to placebo in most studies. Reboxetine was also found to be as effective as imipramine and desipramine in four double-blind, randomized, active-controlled (but not placebo-controlled) studies involving more than 800 outpatients or inpatients with major depression. Reboxetine produced equivalent antidepressant response rates compared with fluoxetine in two clinical trials, one of which was also placebo-controlled. However, reboxetine was reported to have improved social motivation and behavior more than fluoxetine as assessed by the newly developed Social Adaptation Self-Evaluation Scale. In all of the studies, reboxetine had a similar time (i.e., 2 to 3 weeks) to onset of the antidepressant efficacy as do other antidepressants. 

Clinical trials invariably employ self-reporting of symptoms, using standardized questionnaires, the tool most often used being the 17-or 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). A positive response to... 

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