Clinical ratings

TABLE 26-2. Clinical Rating Scales Used in MS23... 

Leckman, J.F., Riddle, M.A., Hardin, M.T., Ort, S.I., Swartz, K.L., Stevenson, J., and Cohen, D.J. (1989) The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) initial testing of a clinical-rated scale of tic severity. / Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 28 566—573. 

Scahill, L., King, R.A., Schultz, R.T., and Leckman, J.F. (1999) Selection and use of diagnostic and clinical rating instruments. In Leckman, J.F., and Cohen, D.J., eds. Tourette s Syndrome—Tics, Obsessions, Compulsions Developmental Psychopathology and Clinical Care. New York John Wiley and Sons, pp. 310-324. 

In a double-blind, parallel-group study, Bondareff et id. (2000) compared the SSRI sertraline and the tricyclic compound nortriptyline with regard to their efficacy and safety in a group of 210 outpatients 60 years and older. The patients met the DSM-DI-R criteria for major depressive episode and had a minimum score of 18 on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Their mean age was about 68 years, most patients were white and about 60% were female the severity of depression was rated as moderate in more than 70% and as severe in more than 20% of the cases. The daily doses of sertraline were between 50 and 150 mg, and those of nortriptyline were 25 100 mg the treatment lasted 12 weeks. In addition to clinical rating scales and self-assessment instruments, patients took the following tests of cognitive performance ... 

Although the overall response rate to VPA was 61 %, a number of methodological problems complicate the interpretation of these results, including that most patients were studied under nonblind conditions, this agent was often used in combination with other psychotropics, plasma concentrations were usually not monitored, and formal diagnostic criteria derived from standard clinical ratings were typically not used. 

Three terms beginning with the letter R are used to describe the improvement of a depressed patient after treatment with an antidepressant, namely response, remission, and recovery. The term response generally means that a depressed patient has experienced at least a 50% reduction in symptoms as assessed on a standard psychiatric rating scale such as the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Fig. 5—2). This also generally corresponds to a global clinical rating of the patient as much improved or very much improved. Remission, on the other hand, is the term used when essentially all symptoms go away, not just 50% of them (Fig. 5-3). The patient is not better the patient is actually well. If this lasts for 6 to 12 months, remission is then considered to be recovery (Fig. 5—3). 

Information processing deficits of schizophrenia patients Relationship to clinical ratings, gender and medication status. Schizophr Res 28 51-62. 

Chassain C, Eschalier A, Durif F (2003) Assessment of motor behavior using a video system and a clinical rating scale in parkinsonian monkeys lesioned by MPTP. J Neurosci Meth 777 9-16. 

Imbert C, Bezard E, Guitraud S, Boraud T, Gross CE (2000) Comparison of eight clinical rating scales used for the assessment of MPTP-induced parkinsonism in the Macaque monkey. J Neurosci Meth 96 71-76. 

In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study in 21 healthy volunteers who took amisulpride 50 mg/day, amisulpride 400 mg/day, haloperidol 4 mg/day, or placebo, amisulpride 400 mg had several adverse effects on psychomotor performance and cognitive performance, similar to those of haloperidol, at the end of the 5-day course of treatment however, there were no signs of mental disturbances on clinical rating scales or during a structured psychiatric interview (17). 

One frequent point of confusion is whether a clinical rating scale/ such as the Hamilton Depression scale/ is a biomarker or a clinical endpoint. As these scales attempt to capture the multifaceted dimensions of a complex clinical condition/ they are in fact clinical endpoints. However/ they are like intermediate endpoints because they do not encompass all dimensions of the disease being evaluated or the therapeutic response in all patients. 

Derogatis, L.R. (1994) SCL-90, Brief Symptom Inventory and matching clinical rating scales. In M. Mamish (ed.), Psychological Testing, Treatment Planning, and Outcome Assessment, Erlbaum, New York. 

The freedom to move, to be able to celebrate one s existence through dance, is a grand gift of nature enjoyed by humankind. Yet this gift can be lost all too readily injury, particularly near the proximal regions of peripheral nerves, can increase the risk of permanent paralysis. The clinical rate of nerve regeneration is approximately 1 mm per day and... 

T. T. Baldewicz, K. Goodkin, et al., Cobalamin Level Is Related to SelL Reported and Clinically-Rated Mood and to Syndromal Depression in Bereaved HIV-1+ and HIV-1- Homosexual Men. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 48, no. 2, (2000) 177-185. 

After each sequence, additional clinical ratings of the past performance are given by observers (for all applicants) and by the applicants (seU-rating and peerrating) rating leadership, teamwork and effectiveness. The observers rate two further dimensions, stress resistance and authenticity. 

Derogatis LR, Lazarus L. The SCL 90-R. Brief symptom inventory and matching clinical rating scales. In Maruish M, ed. The Use of Treatment Planning and Outcome Assessment. L. Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey 1994 217-248. 

---