Self colloids

A. Filankembo and M. P. Pileni, Is the template of self-colloidal assemblies the only factor that... 

Surface active electrolytes produce charged micelles whose effective charge can be measured by electrophoretic mobility [117,156]. The net charge is lower than the degree of aggregation, however, since some of the counterions remain associated with the micelle, presumably as part of a Stem layer (see Section V-3) [157]. Combination of self-diffusion with electrophoretic mobility measurements indicates that a typical micelle of a univalent surfactant contains about 1(X) monomer units and carries a net charge of 50-70. Additional colloidal characterization techniques are applicable to micelles such as ultrafiltration [158]. 

Nguyen-Misra M, Misra S, Wang Y, Rodrigues K and Mattioe W L 1997 Simulation of self-assembly in solution by triblook oopolymers with stioky blooks at their ends Prog. Colloid Polym. Sc/. 103 138-45... 

Mortensen K 1998 Structural properties of self-assembled polymeric micelles Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sol. 3 12-19... 

Manne S 1997 Visualizing self-assembly Force microscopy of ionic surfactant aggregates at solid-liquid interfaces Prog. Colloid Polym. Sol. 103 226-33... 

Weitz D A and Huang J S 1984 Self-similar structures and the kinetics of aggregation of gold colloids Kinetics of Aggregation and Geiationed F Family and D P Landau (Amsterdam North-Holland) pp 19-28... 

Asher S A, Holtz J, Liu L and Wu Z 1994 Self-assembly motif for creating submicron periodic materials. Polymerized crystalline colloidal arrays J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 4997-8... 

Martin B R efa/1999 Orthogonal self-assembly on colloidal gold-platinum nanorods Adv. Mater. 11 1021... 

The preemulsified carriers contain water. These products usually require homogenization through colloidal mills or similar equipment to reduce the particle size and ultimately stabilize the product. The preemulsified as well as the clear self-emulsifying products require the use of a solvent when the carrier-active material is a soHd. 

As materials chemistry has developed, it has come to pay more and more attention to that archetypal concern of materials scientists, microstructure. That concern came in early when the defects inherent in non-stoichiometric oxides were studied by the Australian. I.S. Anderson and others (an early treatment was in a book edited by Rabenau 1970), but has become more pronounced recently in the rapidly growing emphasis on self-assembly of molecules or colloidal particles. This has not yet featured much in books on materials chemistry, but an excellent recent popular account of the broad field has a great deal to say on self-assembly (Ball 1997). The phenomenon of graphoepitaxy outlined in Section 10.5.1.1 is a minor example of what is meant by self-assembly. 

From the way the field has developed during the last few years, two quite distinct kinds of self-assembly are emerging. One kind focuses on the self part of the nomenclature and relies entirely on the inherent forces acting between particles. A good example is the formation of colloidal pseudocrystals from small polymeric... 

Grier, D.G. (ed.) (1998, Oetober) Directed self-assembly of colloidal materials, MRS Bull. 23(10), 21. 

G. J. Fleer. Chain molecules at interfaces a versatile self-consistent lattice model. Colloids Surf 55 151-167, 1989. 

Short-time Brownian motion was simulated and compared with experiments [108]. The structural evolution and dynamics [109] and the translational and bond-orientational order [110] were simulated with Brownian dynamics (BD) for dense binary colloidal mixtures. The short-time dynamics was investigated through the velocity autocorrelation function [111] and an algebraic decay of velocity fluctuation in a confined liquid was found [112]. Dissipative particle dynamics [113] is an attempt to bridge the gap between atomistic and mesoscopic simulation. Colloidal adsorption was simulated with BD [114]. The hydrodynamic forces, usually friction forces, are found to be able to enhance the self-diffusion of colloidal particles [115]. A novel MC approach to the dynamics of fluids was proposed in Ref. 116. Spinodal decomposition [117] in binary fluids was simulated. BD simulations for hard spherocylinders in the isotropic [118] and in the nematic phase [119] were done. A two-site Yukawa system [120] was studied with... 

Metals immersed or partly immersed in water tend to corrode because of their thermodynamic instability. Natural waters contain dissolved solids and gases and sometimes colloidal or suspended matter all these may affect the corrosive projjerties of the water in relation to the metals with which it is in contact. The effect may be either one of stimulation or one of suppression, and it may affect either the cathodic or the anodic reaction more rarely there may be a general blanketing effect. Some metals form a natural protective film in water and the corrosiveness of the water to these metals depends on whether or not the dissolved materials it contains assist in the maintenance of a self-healing film. 

Hines, M. A. and Scholes, G. D. (2003). Colloidal PbS Nanocrystals with Size-Timable Near-Infrared Emission Observation of Post-Synthesis Self-Narrowing of the Particle Size Distribution. Adv. Mater. 15 1844-1849... 

Adsorption phenomena from solutions onto sohd surfaces have been one of the important subjects in colloid and surface chemistry. Sophisticated application of adsorption has been demonstrated recently in the formation of self-assembhng monolayers and multilayers on various substrates [4,7], However, only a limited number of researchers have been devoted to the study of adsorption in binary hquid systems. The adsorption isotherm and colloidal stabihty measmement have been the main tools for these studies. The molecular level of characterization is needed to elucidate the phenomenon. We have employed the combination of smface forces measmement and Fomier transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) to study the preferential (selective) adsorption of alcohol (methanol, ethanol, and propanol) onto glass surfaces from their binary mixtures with cyclohexane. Om studies have demonstrated the cluster formation of alcohol adsorbed on the surfaces and the long-range attraction associated with such adsorption. We may call these clusters macroclusters, because the thickness of the adsorbed alcohol layer is about 15 mn, which is quite large compared to the size of the alcohol. The following describes the results for the ethanol-cycohexane mixtures [10],... 

In addition to the preparation of Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett films, the use of self-assembly techniques also plays an important role in the formation of particle films. Both physisorption, as, for example, electrostatic adsorption of charged particles from colloidal solution, and chemisorption onto a substrate have been investigated. In Section V.A, electrostatic adsorption will be reviewed chemisorption is the subject of Section V.B. 

The UV-visible spectrum (Fig. 6) of the aggregates described earlier shows a 0.25-eV shift toward lower energy of the plasmon peak with a slight decrease in the bandwidth (0.8 eV) compared to that observed in solution (0.9 eV). As observed earlier with monolayers, by washing the support, the particles are redispersed in hexane and the absorption spectrum remains similar to that of the colloidal solution used to make the self-assemblies. 

The charge on the surface of colloid particles is an important parameter, and DNA/cation self-assembled complexes are no exception. It can be measured experimentally as the -potential or electrokinetic potential (the potential at the surface of shear be-... 

One of the most recent and intrigning developments in the area of colloid science is the surface nanoengineering of colloidal particles in solntion. The self-assembly of macromolec-... 

The foregoing results demonstrate that the thickness of the capsule wall can be controlled at the nanometer level by varying the number of deposition cycles, while the shell size and shape are predetermined by the dimensions of the templating colloid employed. This approach has recently been used to produce hollow iron oxide, magnetic, and heterocomposite capsules [108], The fabrication of these and related capsules is expected to open up new areas of applications, particularly since the technology of self-assembly and colloidal templating allows unprecedented control over the geometry, size, diameter, wall thickness, and composition of the hollow capsules. This provides a means to tailor then-properties to meet the criteria of certain applications. 

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