Benzene/p-xylene

Quantity Benzene Toluene Isopropyl- benzene Ethyl- benzene P- Xylene m- o-Xylene Xylene Tetra- line... 

An electron-diffraction study of benzene, p-xylene, mesitylene, and hexamethylbenzene has been made recently by Jones, 0 who, on the basis of measurements extending to To = 14, reported the values Ca,. —Caj = 1.50 = = 0.01 A. and Car — Car = 1.40 = = 0.01 A. Jones t0 values are about 1.3% greater than ours, and comparison of them with our calculated values of s.4 leads to... 

The variation of amount of VOC adsorbed and the variation of BET surface area with modified contents were shown in Fig. 1. The optimum modified content was lwt% for benzene, toluene, p-xylene, methanol, ethanol and iso-propanol, but the amount of o-xylene, m-xylene, and MEK adsorbed were decreased with increasing modified contents. Interestingly, the amount of benzene, p-xylene, and ethanol adsorbed on lwt%-PA/AC was 1.5 to 2 times that on purified AC. The BET surface area of lwt%-PA/AC (1109m /g) took the maximum value. 

Nakanishi and Reid (1971) at M.I.T. reported on pour tests with a liquid mixture of methane (92.7%) and nitrogen (7.3%). Explosions were reported for spills upon n-pentane, n-hexane, methylcyclohexane, and toluene. None were found for spills on n-butanol, benzene, p-xylene, solid n-hexane, mercury, or water (fresh or saline). It might be noted that the freezing points of benzene, toluene, and p-xylene are 5.5, -95, and 13°C, respectively. The fact that an explosion could be obtained with toluene but not with the other two organic liquids suggested that the ease of freezing the hot liquid surface was an important factor in determining whether an explosion could occur. 

A series of asym DAMs were synthesized by the condensation reaction of arenes with benzyl alcohols. Benzene, p-xylene, mesitylene, durene, and isodurene were used as arenes because they give only one condensation product. For example, pure 2,5,3 -TrMeDPM is easily prepared by a distillation of the crude product obtained by the following reaction ... 

In the presence of tellurium tetrachloride, aromatic hydrocarbons are alkylated with reactive alkylating agents such as benzylic or t-butyl alcohols and chlorides. The yields are high with toluene but only moderate for benzene, p-xylene and anisole. Equivalent and catalytic amounts of tellurium tetrachloride, respectively, are required for the alcohols and... 

In agreement with our aforementioned prediction, 98 and 99, both of which comprehend a secondary C2 axis, functioned as effective hosts for benzene, p-xylene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. " " On the contrary, the other benzo-fused derivatives of tetraphenylene, which are deprived of a secondary C2 axis, did not manifest any inelusion capacity in all solvents tested. ... 

FromEq. (5.31) with a = 2.90 for the benzene-toluene system and a = 6.94 for the benzene-p-xylene system,... 

In another study by Nishiyama et al. [53], the Vapour-phase Transport method was applied on alumina supports. No permeation of 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene (kinetic diameter 0.85 nm) could be observed through the 10 pm thick membrane. Mordenite has parallel channels with an elliptical pore dimension of 0.65 x 0.7 nm. Pervaporation of benzene-p-xylene (molar ratio 0.86) at 22°C resulted in a separation factor of 164 (total flux 1.19 10" mol.m s ). The theoretical value based on the gas-liquid equilibrium amounts to 11.3. Apparently, the mordenite-based membrane shows high selectivity for aromatic hydrocarbons. 

The common standards are re-butane, isooctane, benzene, p-xylene, naphthalene, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, and cyclo-hexanol. 

How many peaks would you expect in the H NMR spectrum of 1,4-dimethyl-benzene (p-xylene) What ratio of peak areas would you expect on intimation ol the spectrum Refer to Table 13.3 for approximate chemical shifts, and sketch what the spectrum would look like. (Remember from Section 2.4 that aromatic rings have two resonance forms.)... 

The vapour-phase transport method was also successfully used for the preparation of membranes and bulk material of the following zeolites MCM-22 membrane (used for the alkylation of toluene with MeOH to p-xylene),[68] FER-membrane (for the separation of benzene/p-xylene),[69] EMT crystals using a crown ether as structure-directing agent,[70] and zeolite beta (BEA).[71] In the latter two examples, a conversion of agglomerated nanoparticles to highly crystalline zeolite was observed. 

Durene Anthracene Naphthalene Tolan Benzene p-Xylene... 

The IR technique also enables us to determine the adsorption and desorption of binary mixtures, provided the IR spectra of the two components were sufficiently different so that the spectra of the mixtures could be reliably decomposed. This was, e.g., the case for the pairs benzene/ethylbenzene, benzene/p-xylene, and ethylbenzene/p-xylene (compare, e.g.. Figs. 3 and 16). 

Host/guest interactions of benzene, p-xylene,p-chlorotoluene and chlorocyclo-hexane with ZSM-5 were investigated by Huang et al. [832]. These authors used FT-Raman spectroscopy and utilized the excitation by an NIR laser (A=1064 nm), which considerably reduced the fluorescence background. The effect of loading on the framework and OH stretching vibrations was determined as well as sor-bate-induced phase transitions, conformational properties of the guest molecules, their location and sorbate/cation interactions. 

FKvURE 2.12 RCM for the benzene/p xylene/toluene system at P = 1 atm widi a possible feasible design for an infinite reflux column. 

FKjURE 3.22 Pinch point loci produced by tangent conditions between and arbitrarily chosen and the residue curves. The RCM for the system is given, with the tangent lines di layed as dashed lines. The pinch point loci are drawn by connecting all tangent points for the (a) benzene/p xylene/toluene system, and (b) acetone/benzene/chloroform system. 

Example 5.4 Design a column for a 1 mol/s, equimolar benzene/p-xylene/toluene stem with X/>=[0.700, 0.010] and a bottoms benzene composition of 0.010, assuming an equimolar feed (the same problem shown in figures 5.11 5.13) uang DODS-SiCo. The mixture may be assumed to behave ideally and phase equilibrium may be modelled with Raoulf s law. Assume that we wish to operate at a factor of 1.34 times minimum reflux. 

FIGURE 531 A feasible design at 13 times minimum reflux for the benzene/p xylene/ toluene system using profile intersection. 

The benzene, p-xylene, and toluene are near ideal and can be approximated quite well with constant relative volatilities. 

FIGURE 641 A side stripper for die (benzene, p xylene, toluene] system at minimum reflux using the TT technique. 

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