Secretory cell

Expectorants enhance the production of respiratory tract fluid and thus faciUtate the mobilisation and discharge of bronchial secretions. Historically, expectorants have been divided iato two classes based on specific mechanisms of action. Stimulant expectorants iacrease respiratory tract secretion by a direct effect on the bronchial secretory cells. Sedative expectorants act by gastric reflex stimulation. Many compounds classed as expectorants have been iaadequately studied and the mechanisms of action are not known with certainty. 

Verdugo, P. (1984). Hydration kinetics of exocyto.sed mucins in cultured secretory cells of the rabbit trachea a new model. Mucus and Mucosa (Ciba Foundation symposium 109), 212-225. 

Secretory cells Cells producing substances (e.g., mucus) with physiochemi -... 

In addition to secretory cells, many non-secretory cells are capable of regulating exocytotic fusion of transport vesicles that are derived from endosomal precursors. For instance, vesicles enriched in plasma membrane transport proteins are incorporated in a regulated manner in order to alter metabolite fluxes. Examples include the glucose transporter GLUT-4 in muscle and fat tissues, a key element in the control of... 

Unfortunately in routine EM (electron microscope) preparations one cannot identify the NT at individual synapses although structural features (shape of vesicle, asymmetric or symmetric specialisations) may provide a clue. At cholinergic synapses the terminals have clear vesicles (200-400 A) while monoamine terminals (especially NA) have distinct large (500-900 A) dense vesicles. Even larger vesicles are found in the terminals of some neuro-secretory cells (e.g. the neurohypophysis). One terminal can contain more than one type of vesicle and although all of them probably store NTs it is by no means certain that all are involved in their release. 

Hotchkiss, J.A., Harkema, J.R. and Henderson, R.F. (1991). Effect of cumulative ozone exposure on ozone-induced nasal epithelial hyperplasia and secretory cell metaplasia in rats. Exp. Lung Res. 15, 589-600. 

The normal prostate is composed of acinar secretory cells arranged in a radial shape and surrounded by a foundation of supporting tissue. The size, shape, or presence of acini are almost always altered in the gland that has been invaded by prostatic carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma, the major pathologic cell type, accounts for more than 95% of prostate cancer cases.15 Much rarer tumor types include small cell neuroendocrine cancers, sarcomas, and transitional cell carcinomas. 

Muravnik L.E. and Ivanova A.N. (2002) Ultrastructural characteristics of leaf secretory cells from Droseraceae in relation to naphthoquinone synthesis. Botanical Journal 87 (11) 16-25. (In Russian). 

Secretory cells filled with allelochemicals participate in the allelopathic relations. Their structure may be changed under various external factors that needs special methods for the observations. The application of non-invasive optical techniques to diagnose the physiological state of plants is one of the major problems of plant ecophysiology. 

Laser-scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM) Study of Plant Secretory Cell... 

In this chapter the application of LSCM technique to study plant secretory cells, which participate in allelopathic relations, is described. 

The visible fluorescence of intact living cells is called autofluorescence. If the cells treated with special fluorescent dyes, the cellular common fluorescence also includes the additional light emission. Autofluorescence could be used (i) in express-microanalysis of the accumulation of the secondary metabolites in secretory cells without long biochemical procedures (ii) in diagnostics of cellular damage and (iii) in analysis of cellcell interactions (Roshchina, 2003). During the plant development, secretory... 

VISUAL OBSERVATIONS OF SECRETORY CELLS IN LUMINESCENT MICROSCOPE... 

Experiment 1. Visual observation of secretory cells in luminescence microscope Various types of secretory cells in allelopathically active plants contain fluorescing secondary products (Fig. 1). Secretions from the above ground parts of plant (in leaves, flowers, stems) were concentrated in secretory hairs and glands. Whereas secretions of roots are in secretory reservoirs and idioblasts (ordinary cells which accumulate secretory products) or may be released by the secretory surface of the root tip (Fig. 1.). The fluorescence appears to change, when allelopathically active cell of other plant species (cell-donor) interacts with acceptor cell (Roshchina and Melnikova, 1999). 

Fig. 1 The fluorescing images of secretory cells under luminescent microscope. A and B. Blue-fluorescing stinging and non-stinging secretory hairs of Urtica dioica, relatively on stem and leaf C and D - green-yellow-fluorescing leaf glandular trichomes of Lycopersicon esculentum and Solanum tuberosum, E. - Blue-fluorescing leaf cells of Achillea millefolium F - yellow fluoresced gland of leaf Calendula officinalis., G., H and I -secretory hairs, idioblasts and crystal on the surface on the root of Ruta graveolens, relatively.

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