Secretion sweat

This occurs in the seromucous secretions such as saliva, tears, nasal secretions, sweat, colostrum and secretions of the lung, urinogenital and gastrointestinal tracts. Its purpose appears to be to protect the external surfaces of the body from microbial attack. It occurs as a dimer in these secretions but as a monomer in human plasma, where its function is not known. The function of IgA appears to be to prevent the adherence of microorganisms to the surface ofmucosal cells thus preventing them entering the body tissues. It is protected from proteolysis by combination with another protein—the secretory component. 

IgA 1.8 K20t2, /t2a2 monomeric to trimeric 180 external secretions (sweat, tears, mucous, colostrum, saliva)... 

Exposure to acutely toxic concentrations of nerve agents can result in excessive bronchial, salivary, ocular and intestinal secretions, sweating, miosis, bronchospasm, intestinal hypermotility, bradycardia, muscle fasciculations, twitching, weakness, paralysis, loss of consciousness, convulsions, depression of the central respiratory drive, and death (Grob and Harvey, 1953 Grob, 1956 Marrs, 2007 Sidell, 1997 Yanagisawa et al, 2006 many others). Minimal effects observed at low vapor concentrations... 

The greatest hazard to life arises from suppression of the ability to secrete sweat, which can give rise to fatal hyperthermia if body temperature is not controlled artificially during hot weather or strenuous activity. Another source of hazard to life arises from the effect of the compounds other than scopolamine and its quaternary form in accelerating heart rate and facilitating Intramural conduction and transmission of Impulses. Ihese actions may result in serious arrhythmias up to and including ventricular fibrillation. The quaternary amine forms of the tropic acid esters in which we are interested are more active in some respects than the tertiary amines, as far as peripheral actions are concerned. This is especially true with respect to actions on nicotinic effectors in ganglia and striated muscles. The quaternary amines penetrate into the central nervous system poorly, but, once there, affect muscarinic effectors in the same way as the tertiary amines. 

Glands m3 Secretion—sweat (thermoregulatory), salivation, and lacrimation... 

Acute toxicity includes pupillary constriction, stimulation of GI tract (cramps, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea [NVD]) and urinary tract (incontinence, urination), bronchoconstriction (wheezing, dyspnea), increased glandular secretions (sweating, salivation, lacrimation), bradycardia and hypotension, skeletal muscle fasciculations and then paralysis (e.g., respiratory muscles), and CNS effects (behavioral excitation, depression of cardiovascular [CV] and respiratory centers). 

Nerve - Cyclohexyl sarin (GF) - Sarin (GB) - Soman (GD) - Tabun (GA) - VX - Miosis (pinpoint pupils) - Copious secretions - Muscle twitching/ fasciculations - Miosis (pinpoint pupils) - Blurred/dim vision - Headache - Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea - Copious secretions/ sweating - Muscle twitching/ fasciculations - Breathing difficulty - Seizures... 

Glasgow scale E2M4V2) with profuse oral secretions, sweating, cyanosis, muscle fasciculations and convulsions, and was intubated. Organophosphate poisoning was not suspected at first, and he was treated with dopamine and isoprenaline to increase blood pressure and heart rate and with phenytoin to control the convulsions, but all of these treatments were without effect. At 3.5 h after exposure, he was treated with 2 mg IV of atropine, which immediately increased both heart rate and blood pressure, and 10 mg IV of diazepam, which controlled the convulsions. He was maintained on continuous IV atropine (3 mg day-1) and mechanical ventilation, and 9 days after exposure he became alert and was extubated. The authors stressed the importance of systemic atropine for treating the bradycardia produced by the VX. 

Ellects ol overdose may include abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, increased peristalsis, salivation, increased bronchial secretions, sweating and constriction of eye pupil (due to muscarinic ellects). Further effects may include muscular cramps, localised muscle contractions, general weakness, slow heart action and low blood pressure (due to nicotinic effects). 

Salivation, excessive nasal, bronchial and gastrointestinal secretion sweating... 

Polarographical examinations were performed, apart from the biological fluids already discussed separately, also of lymph, transudates, exudates, blister fluids, aqueous humor, tears, saliva, gastric and duodenal juices, sperm, uterine cervical secret, sweat, and tissues. 

When there is excessive loss of fluid in gastro-intestinal secretions, sweat, lungs or in the urine the latter as a result of ADH deficiency (diabetes insipidus). 

Sodium.—Na, a.n. 11 a.w. 23-00. Sodium is probably a universal micro-constituent in plants the reported values range from 0 0075-0 15 per cent, of fresh tissue, marine species being richest. In animals the metal is found in much greater amounts, and makes up 0-1-0-5 per cent, of the total body weight of mammals. The concentration is always higher in the extracellular liquids (blood plasma, lymph, digestive secretions, sweat, urine) than in the cells. The value of human blood serum is kept remarkably constant at about 335 mg. Na per 100 ml., whereas the red corpuscles contain only about 0-016 per cent., or 7 mgm. equivalents of Na+ per litre. 

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