Gastrointestinal secretions

Prostaglandins are a group of lipid autacoids known as eicosanoids. They are produced from membrane phospholipids and found in almost every tissue and body fluid. They are involved in a number of physiological processes including inflammation, smooth muscle tone and gastrointestinal secretion. In the central nervous system they have been reported to produce both excitation and inhibition of neuronal activity. 

Increased tone, increased gastrointestinal secretions, relaxation at sphincters... 

Effect on GIT It increases the tone of smooth muscle as well as sphincters but at the same time it decreases the propulsive movements and gastrointestinal secretions are diminished, the overall action is constipation. 

Class PGAs Vascular Smooth Muscle Vasodilation Airway Smooth Muscle Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle Gastrointestinal Secretions Decrease Uterine Muscle (Nonpregnant) Relaxation Platelet Aggregation... 

Tso P. Gastrointestinal secretion, digestion, and absorption. In Rhoades RA, Tanner GA, eds. Medical Physiology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 2003. 

I. Somatostatin Receptor Agonists Treatment of Excess Gastrointestinal Secretion... 

The unwanted peripheral effects of all atropine-like drugs include flushing of the skin, dryness of the mucous membranes with fever, tachycardia, reduced salivary secretion and dryness of the mouth, drying up of the gastrointestinal secretions and decreased gastric acidity, and reduced muscle tone in the gut and constipation. Bladder tone and frequency of micturition are reduced and acute urinary retention is a risk, especially in older men with prostatic hyperplasia. Nasal, bronchial, and lacrimal secretions are reduced. 

Loss of the gastric acid barrier can predispose to intestinal infection, and pulmonary aspiration of infected gastrointestinal secretions can very occasionally cause pneumonia after anesthesia or during intensive care (2). Interstitial lung disease can occur under these conditions. 

Alosetron is a potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. 5-HT3 receptors are nonselective cation channels that are extensively distributed on enteric neurons in the human gastrointestinal tract, as well as other peripheral and central locations. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists such as alosetron inhibit activation of these channels that results in the modulation of the enteric nervous system. Activation of these channels and the resulting neuronal depolarization affect the regulation of visceral pain, colonic transit, and gastrointestinal secretions, processes that relate to the pathophysiology of IBS. 

Sieving Protein Loss. Because of its small molecular size, AAG is lost into the urine in nephrotic syndrome and into gastrointestinal secretions in protein-losing enteropathy. 

Fecal zinc is derived from unabsorbed dietary zinc and zinc in desquamated epithelial cells and gastrointestinal secretions. Active intestinal secretion of zinc decreases in zinc-depleted animals and may be a regulated step in zinc homeostasis. 

Hypokalemia may occur from loss of gastrointestinal secretions (which contain significant amounts of K+) and from excessive loss in the urine because of increased aldosterone secretion or diuretic therapy. Hypokalemia is usually associated with alkalosis. 

Fig. 33. Effect of maintaining gastrointestinal secretion at 37°C as a function of time. Dotted line is the total alkaline phosphatase activity, (L) the activity in the presence of L-phenylalanine, and LPSAP the difference between D and L (D — L = LPSAP).

Gurian, L., Ward, T. T., and Katon, R. M. (1982). Possible foodborne transmission in a case of pseudomembranous colitis due to Clostridium difficile Influence of gastrointestinal secretions on Clostridium difficile infection. Gastroenterology 83, 465 69. 

Salivation, excessive nasal, bronchial and gastrointestinal secretion sweating... 

Any interactions that increase drug solubility and dissolution rate in the gastrointestinal tract will exert a positive effect on the gastrointestinal absorption of this class of drugs. The absorption of this class of drugs often is enhanced in proportion to the fat content of the coadministered meal. This is attributed to the increased gastrointestinal fluid volume from a coadministered meal, stimulated gastrointestinal secretions, and biliary solubilization effects that increase the dissolution rate. 

Contact precautions are used to prevent contact with bacteria in wounds or infected gastrointestinal secretions. Botulism is not transmitted from human to human. 

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