Search for evidence

Of course, after having observed two complete layers of metal around a fullerene, we searched for evidence for the formation of additional layers. Flowever, before looking at experimental data, let us try to con-... 

While recent studies of climate have contributed a gi eat deal to our understanding of climate dynamics, there is still much to learn. The process of searching for evidence of man-made climate change, in fact, is both a search for new discoveries about how climate works, and continuing refinement of our understanding of the underlying theories we already have. 

Because the scent of a flower may be due to hundreds of different compounds, it is difficult for perfume manufacturers to duplicate floral scents. Establishing the identities and relative amounts of the components of a fragrance was actually impossible until the development of chromatography. Related techniques are used in forensic laboratories to match samples of fluids, by food manufacturers to test product quality, and to search for evidence of life on other planets. All these techniques depend on subtle differences in intermolecular forces to separate compounds. 

Foundation of the United States. However, a recent Cochrane Review attempting to search for evidence of the benefit of prophylaxis concluded that there were too few trials (only four) to prove benefit.6... 

Chen JH, Wasserburg GJ (1987) A search for evidence of extinct lead 205 in iron meteorites. Lunar Planet Sci 18 165-166... 

For example, Wennberg et al. (1997) used high-resolution spectra taken from the Kitt Peak National Solar Observatory to search for evidence of IO. Combined with simulations using assumed IO chemistry, they conclude that the total stratospheric iodine is 0.2 ppt, with an upper limit of 0.3 ppt. Similarly, Pundt et al. (1998) conclude there must be <0.2 ppt iodine at altitudes <20 km, based on solar spectra obrained using balloon platforms. If these small concentrations based on a few measurements are typical, iodine will not be responsible for significant ozone destruction. 

Yet another source of reports is to be found in some studies that are exploring ibogaine as a treatment for heroin dependency (see De Rienzo and Beal). This end-goal of searching for evidence of addiction confrontation and addiction control certainly can color any published reports in its own way. Here, its the chemical ibogaine only that is used, and typical dosages are at or above 1000 milligrams. 

Assertions of risk, which in risk assessment are analogous to a hypothesis in science, do not have to withstand tests. Theo Col-born, an author of Our Stolen Future, stated, Just because we don t have the evidence doesn t mean there are no effects. 10 Exactly we may have overlooked something in our search for evidence. But, in context, Colborn s statement went much further. It was made after several years of scientific research had failed to support her assertions about endocrine disruptors. Her statement brushed the evidence aside. No matter how much information is... 

In Ferguson v. City of Charleston, the U.S. Supreme Court declares that forcing pregnant patients in a state hospital to take drug tests and turning the results over to law enforcement authorities violated the Fourth Amendment. The U.S. Supreme Court rules that use of infrared imaging systems to search for evidence of a marijuana-growing operation in a home violates the expectation of privacy provided for in the Fourth Amendment. 

In a search for evidence of restricted diffusion, Woessner 57) used standard SGSE techniques to measure diffusion of (inter alia) benzene in a filled and crosslinked rubber he interpreted his data as demonstrating the existence of restrictions. In... 

PE spectroscopy has also been used to search for evidence for the existence of enolic forms of the furan-3(2//)-one and furan-2(3//)-one nuclei. The enols would be hydroxy-... 

The realization that the closely similar spectra from but-l-ene and the but-2-ene denoted isomerization on Ni/Si02 also led Campione and Ekerdt (54) to search for evidence of surface intermediates. Before pumping off the but-l-ene gas phase, they observed three weak absorptions at 1560, 1545, and 1535 cm 1... 

Searching for evidence on the nature of the bond, we conducted a spectroscopic study of lignins isolated from wood by ethanolysis (P) and found, as expected, that 0-keto groups did not appear in the lignins until... 

The determination of BrVinsted coefficients provides the most transparent tool for the evaluation of imbalances, but there are other ways to probe transition structure in search for evidence of transition state imbalances. Terrier et al.45 reported that the change to a more electron-withdrawing Z-... 

The first reported study of the behaviour of double differential cross sections for positron impact ionization was that of Moxom et al. (1992) these workers conducted a search for electron capture to the continuum (ECC) in positron-argon collisions. In this experiment electrons ejected over a restricted angular range around 0° were energy-analysed to search for evidence of a cusp similar to that found in heavy-particle collisions (e.g. Rodbro and Andersen, 1979 Briggs, 1989, and references therein), which would be the signature of the ECC process. 

As well as the above 2,3-dimercaptoalkanes a few other vicinal dithiols have also been sythesized. The interaction of methylmercury(II) with chelating agents such as BAL involves linear two-coordinate complexes and in only a few cases has chelation involved a bidentate ligand. In a search for evidence of thiol-containing bidentate chelation, Alcock et al.311 synthesized three sterically constrained dithiols - cyclohexane-1,2-dithiol, toluene-3,4-dithiol and bicyclo[2.2. l]heptane-2,3-dithiol - and demonstrated by spectroscopy and crystallography their formation of chelates with methylmercury(II) of the form (40). 

Previous studies have reported the generation of neurons in frontal cortex and striatum of normal adult monkeys (Gould et al. 2001 Bedard et al. 2002). We therefore searched for evidence of de novo generation of cells with a neuronal immunophenotype in the striatum and frontal cortex of postischemic monkeys. We first performed double-staining for BrdU and the mature neuronal marker... 

The FITC labeling method was also applied to chiral separations of amino acids on a microchip to determine the enantiomeric ratios of amino acids found on a meteorite [27], Since biotic amino acids are normally single enantiomers, chiral separations of amino acids are not truly clinical in nature, but illustrate the potential for chiral separations of small molecules of clinical interest. Ma-thies and co-workers used this technique to search for evidence of life in extraterrestrial environments. Enantiomeric forms of Val, Ala, Glu, and Asp could be discriminated by addition of a-, (3-, or y-cyclodextrin (CD) to the run buffer. Improved resolution with faster separations was found with respect to conventional CE. This method has been modified, by addition of SDS to the buffer, to perform cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CD-MEKC) [28]. Increasing the SDS concentration decreased the magnitude of elec-troosmotic flow (EOF), increasing the effective migration distance, and therefore the resolution on the microchips. 

If Latemser is correct, then it is also a point for concern that the prosecution in the Auschwitz Trial failed to comply with its duty ( 160 of the Code of Criminal Procedure) to also search for evidence that would exonerate the accused.196 Chief prosecutor Grabitz s comment regarding the responsibility of the prosecution in cases where a defendant plays down or denies the crimes he is charged with is rather revealing in this instance ... 

Knowledge of the pressure-induced commensurability led to a series of beautiful experiments searching for evidence for a collective electron-phonon or CDW contribution to the low field conductivity in TTF-TCNQ above Tp. Clear evidence was indeed found for a substantial fall in ah between about 150 and 80 K in the narrow commensurability domain, as shown in Fig. 14 [85]. No such dip was found for the transverse conductivity [86], and the dips in ah were also shown to be suppressed by only a 2 x 10 3 molecular fraction of irradiation induced defects [87]. All of this leads to a consistent picture in favor of a collective electron-phonon CDW contribution to ah above Tp of TTF-TCNQ, as discussed in Ref. 2. However, the extra CDW conductivity is not more than 6000 (fl-cm)-1 at 80 K, that is, about one-half of the ambient pressure conductivity of (TMTSF)2PF6 at the same temperature (Fig. 1) and the latter is usually considered to be a single-particle contribution. So until the mechanism... 

Anorthite has an importance far out of proportion to its simple chemistry. First, because of its very low MgO content (hence, high AI/Mg ratio) and the fact that it occurs not just in many CAIs but also in aluminum-rich chondrules, it is a prime analytical target in the search for evidence of extinct A1. Second, like calcic pyroxene, anorthite is one of the principal phases that CAIs share in common with aluminum-rich chondmles. In fact, MacPherson and Huss (2000) showed that the trends defined within CMAS (CaO-Mg0-Al203-Si02) space by silicate-bearing CAI and aluminum-rich chondrule bulk compositions converge on a region intermediate between... 

Fracture of a central venous catheter due to compression between the clavicle and the adjacent first rib has been reported (5). A pinched-off sign on X-ray indicates the need to remove the catheter, because of a significant risk of subsequent fracture, which has an incidence of 0.9%. Catheters lying anterior to the subclavian vein between the clavicle and the first rib are hable to be compressed and to fracture subsequently. This is a potentially life-threatening complication that can be averted by correct placing of the central venous catheter and by immediate chest radiography to search for evidence of catheter kinking or compression. 

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