SEAr process

In 2010, Zhu and coworkers first reported the direct intramolecular C(sp )-H amination of Af-arylpyridine-2-ammes using a combination of Cu(OAc)2 and Fe(N03)3 as a bimetalUc catalytic system to furnish pyrido[l,2-a]benzimidazoles in satisfactory yields [13]. The authors believe that a Cu(lll)-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic substitution (SEAr) pathway is operating in this process according to the results of mechanistic studies, wherein iron(lll) acts a unique role to facilitate the formation of the more electrophilic Cu(III) species because in the absence of iron(III), a much less efficient and reversible Cu(II)-mediated SEAr process takes place. 

Model correlation functions. Certain model correlation functions have been found that model the intracollisional process fairly closely. These satisfy a number of physical and mathematical requirements and their Fourier transforms provide a simple analytical model of the spectral profile. The model functions depend on the choice of two or three parameters which may be related to the physics (i.e., the spectral moments) of the system. Sears [363, 362] expanded the classical correlation function as a series in powers of time squared, assuming an exponential overlap-induced dipole moment as in Eq. 4.1. The series was truncated at the second term and the parameters of the dipole model were related to the spectral moments [79]. The spectral model profile was obtained by Fourier transform. Levine and Birnbaum [232] developed a classical line shape, assuming straight trajectories and a Gaussian dipole function. The model was successful in reproducing measured He-Ar [232] and other [189, 245] spectra. Moreover, the quantum effect associated with the straight path approximation could also be estimated. We will be interested in such three-parameter model correlation functions below whose Fourier transforms fit measured spectra and the computed quantum profiles closely see Section 5.10. Intracollisional model correlation functions were discussed by Birnbaum et a/., (1982). 

In any evaluation of a remediation scheme utilizing surfactants, the effect of dose on HOC distribution coefficients must be quantified. Very often, only one coefficient value for HOC partitioning to sorbed surfactants has been reported in the literature, presumably because the experimental data covers only the sorption regions where the surfactant molecule interactions dominate at the surface (Nayyar et al., 1994 Park and Jaffe, 1993). However, all of the characteristic sorption regions will develop during an in-situ SEAR application as the surfactant front (i.e., mass transfer zone) advances through the porous medium. Therefore, the relative role ofregional HOC partition coefficients to sorbed surfactant should be considered in any remediation process. Finally, the porosity or solid volume fraction for the particular subsurface system must be taken into account when surfactant sorption is quantified. 

One last consideration during the selection process of a suitable surfactant or other facilitating agent must be an examination of toxicity and biodegradability issues so that no adverse impact on the environment or on human health occurs. For example, upon completion of SEAR, any residual HOCs or surfactants remaining in the aquifer should be easily biodegradable or, at minimum, have a relatively low toxicity. Because NOMs and cyclodextrins are naturally-occurring materials, they may have less of an environmental impact than conventional chemical surfactants and may be... 

One of the most common phases in meteorites is glass which is interstitial to grains, fills cracks penetrating into discrete features, or forms a matrix from which crystals have grown. These glasses all show blue CL of which the intensity increases as the meteorite is affected by thermal processes. A good correlation has been demonstrated with thermoluminescence as a recorder of thermal effects as discussed elsewhere in this volume (Sears, DeHart and Hasan). 

Matsunami S., Ninagawa K., Nishimura S., Kubono N., Yamamoto I., Kohata M., Wada T., Yamashita Y., Lu J., Sears D. W. G., and Nishimura H. (1993) Thermolumines-cence and compositional zoning in the mesostasis of a Semarkona group A1 chondrule and new insights into the chondrule-forming process. Meteoritics 57, 2101—2110. 

Disk brake pads and drum linings are finish ground to the final dimensions after the oven cure process. Sometimes, the surface of disk pad products are scorched or seared under the influence of heat applied in the 250-700" C range. This burns off the organics in the pad surface and helps the initial friction properties of brake pads. Scorching can be accomplished by a variety of methods—direct gas flame, contact with an electrically heated hot plate, or radiant heat from a heated surface. Subsequently, the parts are painted and stenciled with product information prior to packaging. 

An important conclusion one can draw from the Sears study and other, similar studies is that in areas with well-developed soils, the chemistry of underlying shallow groundwaters is often chiefly determined by processes taking place in the soil and less by processes operating in the saturated zone below. In this case, groundwaters from the underlying dolomite are similar to the water from the soil 3 m deep. Similarly, the chemical composition of effluent streams (streams fed chiefly by ground-water) is also quickly determined by interactions with adjacent soils (see Section 7.8). 

Adolphs R, Sears L, Riven J (2001) Abnormal processing of social information from faces in autism. J Cogn Neurosci 13 232-240. 

Saltiel, J., Waller, A. S., Sears, D. F. Jr., Garrett, C.Z., Fluorescence Quantum Yields of trans stilbene d0 and d2 in n Hexane and n Tetradecane Medium and Deuterium Isotope Effects on Decay Processes, J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 2516 2522. 

As a result of these various processes, the SSS and exhaled MSS particles, on their way to contribute to ETS, decrease both in particle mass and in particle size to an MMAD ranging from 0.15 to 0.20 pm for the major fraction of the particles. Experimental data for the decrease in SSS particle size were presented by Ingebrethsen and Sears (1860e, 1860f). Ten minutes after smoke generation, a major fraction of the SSS particles showed a particle size with an average MMAD of 0.198 pm. 

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