Seafood and fish

In a study consisting of immersion for 15 s in ASC at 1200 mg sodium chlorite/l, pH 2.3, the levels of chlorite and chlorate were determined on fresh salmon, catfish, scallops and shrimps after a 30-s post-removal drip period with or without water rinse. The levels of chlorite and chlorate were 1.7-38.1 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. Up to 24-48 h after the treatment, the levels of chlorite and chlorate in treated seafood were below 0.01 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively (Ecolab Inc., 2006). 

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Seafoods and Fish Oils in Human Health and Disease, John E. Kinsella... 

Klnsella, J.E. Seafoods and Fish Oils In Human Health and Disease Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 1987. 

Kinsella, J.E., 1987, Potential sources of fish oil fatty fish in U.S. waters, in Seafood and Fish Oils in Human Health and Diseases, Marcel Dekker, New York, 239. 

Poultry, fresh meat and meat products, seafood and fish are generally not rinsed following application of ASC solution, but a water rinse follows ASC treatment in the case of fruits and vegetables. 

Agriculture Rop protection harvest timing and storage meat, seafood, and fish products plant production pre-and post-harvest diseases Homeland security safe food supply crop ripeness preservation treatments freshness contanuna-tion spoilage cultivar selection variety characteristics plant disease diagnoses pest identification detect non-indigenous pests of food crops... 

KinseUa, J.E. Seafoods and fish oils in humtm health and disease. Marcel Dekker New York. 1987 Koehler, S.P. Stable and healthful frying oU for the 21st century. Inform 11,642 (2000)... 

Spores may be transferred from soil and plants to the sea via rainwater, causing the prevalence in coastal waters of the same C. botulinum types as on the land. Such a correlation was observed in Great Britain, where the type B predominates both in soil and in bottom sediments. Similarly, 71% of fish and bottom-sediment samples collected in southern France were contaminated with type B, while C. botulinum type E was found only in 9.6% of samples (Each et al., 2002). However, it is commonly believed that non-proteolytic type E is characteristic for the marine environment. A distinguishing feature of type E strains is the ability to grow in low temperatures (about 3°C), which are typical for bottom layers of seas and oceans. Moreover, the bottom sediments provide anaerobic conditions for the outgrowth of Clostridium. Therefore, the marine environment promotes C. botulinum type E distribution. This has been further supported by the rate of fish and seafood contamination fish and seafood isolated in many countries are most frequently contaminated with C. botulinum type E (Dodds, 1993 a,b). Furthermore, epidemiological studies have shown that the majority of botulism cases linked to fish and seafood consumption reported between 1950 and 1996 in the U.S. were caused by C. botulinum type E (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1998). C. botulinum type F,... 

In summary, from the stanc int of risks and benefits, the benefits far outweigh the risks. Tliere are many health benefits to be derived from eating fish and shellfish as long as the nutritional quality is assured. Seafood and fresh water fish, as well as shellfish, are excellent foods. They are a renewable... 

Loutfy, N., Fuerhacker, M., Tundo, P., Raccanelli, S., El Dien, A.G., Ahmed, M.T., 2006. Dietary intake of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs, due to the consumption of dairy products, fish/seafood and meat from Ismailia city. Egypt. Sci. Total Environ. 370, 1-8. 

The health risk to local residents associated specifically with exposure to POPs contamination in the local marine environment was assessed by (a) comparing the levels of POPs contamination in marine fish and shellfish sampled in the local waters with relevant Food Safety Standards/Action Levels and (b) evaluating the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of individual POPs intake via consumption of locally caught seafood and incidental ingestion of seawater during recreational activities. 

Results of assessment of carcinogenic risks associated with exposure of local residents to POPs contamination in the local marine environment are presented in Table 7.22. The calculated cancer risks of POPs all fell well within the 1 x 10 4-1 x 10-6 range, indicating there was no unacceptable cancer risk of toxicological concern associated specifically with a lifetime exposure of local residents to the current level of POPs contamination in the local marine environment via dietary intake of locally caught seafood (marine fish and shellfish) and incidental ingestion of seawater during recreational activities. 

The bioaccumulation pattern of OCs in human breast milk from Indonesia (DDTs > HCHs > PCBs > CHLs > HCB Sudaryanto et al., 2006b) was reported to be different with those in mussels and fish (Monirith et al., 2003 Sudaryanto et al., 2005b, 2007b), which showed higher level of PCBs and CHLs compared to HCHs. This may probably be because of differences in exposure route(s), and/or because the intakes of these compounds via seafood by the Indonesian population are not... 

Research conducted by Moneret-Vautrin has shown that allergy in children aged from 6 months to 14 years initiates with allergy to milk, then eggs, fish, and hazelnuts. They account for 74.2% of symptoms. In 63% of adults, apples, hazelnuts, vegetables (carrots, celeriac), seafood, eggs, fish, and milk are allergens (Moneret-Vautrin et al., 1998). 

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