Sea-snail

As early as 2500 bce m India indigo was used to dye cloth a deep blue The early Phoenicians discovered that a purple dye of great value Tyrian purple could be extracted from a Mediterranean sea snail The beauty of the color and its scarcity made purple the color of royalty The availability of dyestuffs underwent an abrupt change m 1856 when William Henry Perkin an 18 year old student accidentally discovered a simple way to prepare a deep purple dye which he called mauveme from extracts of coal tar This led to a search for other synthetic dyes and forged a permanent link between industry and chemical research... 

The neuronal circuitry proved to be a bit more complicated than 1 have let on so far. Shocking the tail of the sea snail proved to modulate the response of the organism to touches at the siphon. Thus, there appears to be a modulatory neural circuit between the tail and the sensory neuron. The complete neural circuit is ... 

Fish Sea snail (cigua) Ciguatera, Numbness, salivation, Inhibits acetyl... 

Immunocyanin is an effective medicine for the treatment of urinary bladder carcinoma. It is derived from a sea snail protein. The instillation of immunocyanin into the bladder results in a marked immuno-stimulation of macrophages and hence a specific immune response against mmour cells that are still in the bladder after cancer therapy. 

Some dimeric myoglobins have been isolated from the muscles of the sea-snail Nassa mutabilis ind from the clams Anadora broughtonii and A. senilis. These have no Bohr effect but show ooperative effects for the uptake of 02.1274... 

In this context the most well-known example in the Black Sea is the sea snail Rapana (Rapana thomasiana) that feeds on other mollusks and which exterminated the main oyster shoals near the Caucasian coast and then near the shores of Turkey and Bulgaria. 

Dyes are intensely colored compounds used in fabrics, plastics, inks, and other products. Dyes were originally extracted from plants or animals and used to color cloth. For example, red carmine (page 2) was extracted from cochineal insects, and blue indigo (the dye used in blue jeans) was extracted from plant material. Both of these dyes are now synthesized in large quantities. The Romans extracted the indigo derivative Tyrian purple (imperial purple) from a sea snail and used the dye to color the robes of emperors and high-ranking senators. 

Since prehistoric times man has been dyeing cloth. The wearing of the purple has long been synonymous with royalty, attesting to the cost and rarity of Tyrian purple, a dye derived from the sea snail Murex brandaris. The organic chemical industry originated with William Henry Perkin s discovery of the first synthetic dye, Perkin s Mauve, in 1856. 

Cone Shell Snails are sea snails that have smooth cone-shaped shells, with colorful mottling and long, narrow openings in the base. 

Class Index C22 extreme flaccid paralysis with paralytic neurotoxin that hunting sea snails. 

The sea covers almost three-quarters of the earth s surface and contains a broader genetic variation among species relative to the terrestrial environment (155,158).Althoughanum-ber of important molecules have been derived from marine sources, including arabinosyl nucleotides, didemnin B, and bryostatin 1, there has been an inadequate focus on this potentially chemically productive biosphere. Sea snails, often called "nature s combinatorial chemistry factories," produce a bewildering array of novel conotoxins active at mamma-... 

The complex polyol durinskiol A (167) has been isolated from a Durinskia sp. dinoflagellate associated with the sea snail Chelidonura fulvipunctata ... 

Examples of marine species using venoms for hunting are too numerous to list here but one which caught my imagination was the piscivorous sea snail Conus purpurascens or purple cone. How can a snail survive by catching fish given the relative speed (or lack of it) of the two animals The answer is that the snail possesses... 

Figure 1. A purple cone sea snail Conus purpurascens) strikes out at a passing fish with its harpoon-like proboscis. This can be seen as the thin appendage extending up towards the fish. This photograph captures the instant immediately preceding impalment of the fish. The photograph was provided by Zoya Maslak (University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA).

The method of selection of zones on the basis of the UV-ratlo was applied to the analysis of an extract of nucleotides from a sea snail (Nassarlus reticularis) eggs [24]. 

Horiguchi, T., Shiraishi, H., Shimizu, M., and Masatoshi, M., Imposex in sea snails, caused hy organotin (trihutyltin and triphenyltin) pollution in Japan a survey, Appl. Organomet. Chem., 11, 451-455, 1997. 

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