Screening sputtering

Screening Tests of Sputtered Pt Alloys by Rotating Disk Electrode... 

Anode materials are most typically deposited by evaporation, sputtering, or chemical vapor deposition methods. Other methods such as screen printing, laser ablation, electrochemical deposition, etc., have also been used. 

It should also be mentioned here that a number of publications deal with the true parallel synthesis of inorganic solids by sputtering and chemical vapor deposition however, these approaches are of major use for other fields in materials science than for catalysis. For a broad overview of synthetic and screening efforts refer to [49],... 

Levels of lactate in buttermilk and yoghurt (and blood) were estimated using disposable sensors formed from screen-printed graphite laminated between two polymer sheets [18]. Platinum (deposited by sputter-coating) was the transducing surface. Layers of Nation were added to reduce interference and were surmounted by lactate oxidase in a mixture of polyethyleneimine and poly (carbamoyl) sulphonate hydrogel. The samples were measured in stirred buffer. A good correlation between biosensor results and those obtained with an enzyme kit was claimed but the data had a considerable amount of scatter—if the enzyme kit is taken as the reference method then a more severe analysis of the biosensor results [33] would not have shown them in a... 

Sputtering technologies offer an even faster procedure at the cost of the versatility of the catalysts produced. Sputtering produces catalysts with a dense surface layer. These catalysts are different from industrially used catalysts, which usually have a larger surface area. The BET surface area of sputtered catalysts is below 1 m2 g 1 and thus much lower than the surface area of the wash-coated catalysts (usually above 60 m2 g1). However, if catalysts for a fast reaction have to be screened, the gas components will mainly react at the surface of the catalyst and the porosity of the catalyst is not important. 

The substrate was usual 1.1 mm glass with sputtered aluminium layer. Ni was used as a catalyst. For optimization of cathode surface topography, three types of samples were prepared, with different catalyst distribution on the substrate. Catalyst layer in the first sample was uniform sputtered Ni layer. In the second and the third samples, the catalyst sputtering was produced through screens with 1 mm h 50 pm holes correspondingly. The distance between holes compared with the twice island diameter. The total area of each cathode sample was about 0.5 cm2. Cathodes are shown on Fig. 1. 

Previous studies have indicated that adsorption of 2-butanol on a cold metal surface is molecular (there is no adsorption-induced dissociation). To insure that this was the case for 2-butanol adsorbed on a sputter-cleaned permalloy surface, XPS spectra were taken following adsorption on a thick Xe overlayer deposited at 25 K. The inset in Fig. 7 shows a comparison of a C Is core level spectrum of 2-butanol adsorbed on multilayer Xe and compared with a spectrum of the same amount of 2-butanol adsorbed on permalloy. Other than a rigid shift of the binding energies, due to the lower screening of the C Is hole by Xe, the two spectra are very similar. Since Xe is chemically inert it is reasonable to expect that 2-butanol remains intact upon adsorption and, therefore, the same appears to be the case following adsorption on permalloy at 90 K. 

Further control of the ion paths can be obtained by introducing a positively charged screen or ring either between the target and the substrate or below the substrate . This can be used to apply a positive DC bias in the region of the substrate, and provides further control of the plasma and sputtering conditions. 

---