Screening for abuse

SCREENING FOR ABUSE OF DIURETICS Benzothiadiazine diuretics (thiazides) may be abused by patients who are obsessed with losing weight prolonged use can cause severe hypokalae-mia and hypomagnesaemia. 

SCREENING FOR ABUSE OF LAXATIVES Colonic stimulants are the most commonly misused laxative preparations. These include bisacodyl, danthron, oxyphenisatin, and phenolphthalein. Some vegetable laxatives, for example aloes, cas-... 

Drug cont.), elimination, 280 interactions, 300 metabolism, 284-293 see also under Metabolism route of administration, 297, 304 screening for abuse, 27 by immunoassay, 158 in sport, 91 tolerance, 298... 

Lafolie P, Beck O, Blennow G, Boreus L, Borg S, Elwin CE, et al. Importance of creatinine analysis of urine when screening for abused drugs. Clin Chem 1991 37 1927-31. 

Screen for abuse - all types increase self-harm/suicide risk. Start open, becoming more specific, e.g. 

Thin-layer chromatography (tic) (16) is frequently used. The procedure allows for rapid screening for most dmgs of abuse using simple, inexpensive technology. A drawback to tic, however, is that the technique is not especially sensitive and low levels of dmgs may be missed. 

Kronstrand R, Nystrom I, Strandberg J, Druid H. 2004. Screening for drugs of abuse in hair with ion spray LC-MS-MS. Forensic Sci Int 145 183. 

Exact mass is currently used in a range of application areas such as metabolism studies, impurity profiling, environmental analysis, synthetic chemistry (open access), industrial applications, clinical screening for drugs of abuse, and natural products, where rapid confirmation and low-level detection with high level of confidence are required. 

Marijuana users will find that many employers weed out substance abusers, because they are much more likely to be absent or have on-the-job accidents. In 1996, about a third of all potential hires were screened for drug use. At major corporations, the figure was 81%, and in the top-ranked Fortune 200 companies, it rose to 98%. Standards at many federal agencies are even more stringent The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) will disqualify applicants who had used marijuana within the past three years or a total of 15 times altogether. 

Drug monitoring tends to be of two types 1) assays for specific therapeutic drug levels, closely related analogs, and preparation enhancers and 2) rapid, broad screening for the presence and overdosage detection of drugs of abuse. 

B. Caddy, F. Fish, and D. Scott, Chromatographic screening for drugs of abuse using capillary columns, part 1, comparison of open tubular columns and support coated open tubular columns for the analysis of central nervous system stimulant drugs, Chro-matographia, 6 251 (1973). 

Healthy male subjects, aged 18-45 years (inclusive), with a Body Mass Index between 18 and 27 kg/m2 (inclusive), normal or clinically irrelevant abnormal findings (in the opinion of the investigator) in the medical history and physical examination, laboratory values, ECG, blood pressure and pulse rate, negative serology (HIV antibody, hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C antibody) and urine screen for drugs of abuse. 

B. Widdop. Screening for Drugs of Abuse (II) Cannabinoids, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Buprenorphine, Methadone, Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines and Other Drugs. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 34 (5) (1997) 460-510 Shannon, M. Toxicology Reviews Physostigmine. Pediatric Emergency Care 14 (3) (1998) 224-226. 

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