Scopolamine transdermal system

Buclizine may be taken without water. The patient is instructed to place the tablet in the mouth and allow it to dissolve or to chew or swallow the tablet whole. When given for motion sickness, one 50-mg dose is usually effective. For more extensive travel, a second 50-mg dose may be taken alter 4 to 6 hours. When administering scopolamine, one transdermal system is applied behind the ear approximately 4 hours before the antiemetic effect is needed. About 1 gof scopolamine will be administered every 24 hours for 3 days. If the disk detaches from the body, discard it and place a fresh one behind the opposite ear. (See Fhtient and Family Teaching Checklist Applying Transdermal Scopolamine.)... 

Mr. Collins is prescribed transdermal scopolamine to relieve motion sickness. Discuss the rationale you would give him to stress the importance of wadiing his hands after applying or removing the transdermal system. 

Hyoscyamine, Atropine, Scopolamine, Phenobarbital (Donnatal, Others) Methenamine (Hiprex, Urex, others) Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin, Furadantin, Macrobid) Oxybutynin (Ditropan, Ditropan XL) Oxybutynin Transdermal System (Oxytrol) Pentosan Polysulfate (Elmiron) Phenazopyridine (Pyridium, others) Potassium Citrate (Urocit-K)... 

The utility of scopolamine in preventing motion sickness was enhanced with the development of the transdermal system that increased patient satisfaction and decreased untoward side effects. The efficacy of transdermal scopolamine, oral meclizine, and placebo in protection against motion sickness was compared in a double-blind crossover study in 36 healthy subjects. Transdermal applications were made and tablets were taken at least 12 and 2 hours before exposure to three 90-minute periods in a ship-motion simulator. Transdermal scopolamine provided better protection than placebo or meclizine, with dryness of mouth more frequently reported in the transdermal scopolamine subjects. ... 

The transdermal scopolamine system is a circular flat patch designed for continuous release of scopolamine following application to an area of intact skin on the head, behind the ear. Each system contains 1.5 mg of scopolamine base. Scopolamine is (alpha)-(hydroxymethyl)ben-zeneacetic acid 9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0 2,4] non-7-yl ester. Scopolamine is a viscous liquid that has a molecular weight of 303.35 and a pKa of 7.55-7.81. The transdermal system is a film 0.2 mm thick and 2.5 cm2, with four layers. Proceeding from the visible surface toward the surface attached to the skin, these layers are a... 

Active substances used in membrane diffusion transdermal systems can be the following steroid hormones, clonidine, scopolamine, nicotine, nitroglycerine, dexamethasone, propranolol, and analgesics (e.g. phentanyl, buprenor-phine), [60, 61, 75]. 

This new dosage form recently was introduced to the pharmaceutical industry. Transdermal preparations now are commercially available for the alleviation of the symptoms of motion sickness (scopolamine), to provide symptomatic relief of angina pectoris (nitroglycerin), and for replacement estrogen therapy (estradiol), Transdermal systems offer advantages commonly associated with con-... 

Despite the limitations imposed by the physiology of the skin, several marketed controUed release transdermal dmg dehvery systems are available in the United States for example, scopolamine [51-34-3] for the treatment of motion sickness, nitroglycerin [55-63-0] for angina, estradiol [50-28-2] for the rehef of postmenopausal symptoms and osteoporosis, clonidine [4205-90-7] for the treatment of hypertension, fentanyl [437-38-7] as an analgesic, and nicotine [54-11-5] as an aid to smoking cessation. These systems are designed to dehver dmg for periods of one to seven days. 

Instructs the patient to apply the transdermal scopolamine system behind the ear. 

Membrane permeation-controlled system in which the drug permeation is controlled by a polymeric membrane Transderm-Scop (scopolamine Ciba-Geigy). 

Furthermore, central-acting antimuscarinic drug are effective in the treatment of motion sickness. In this indication the alkaloid scopolamine has been shown to be effective. It can be applied orally, intra venously or via a transdermal therapeutic system. 

Applied to the skin in a transdermal patch (transdermal therapeutic delivery system), this drug is used to prevent or reduce the occurrence of nausea and vomiting that are associated "with motion sickness. Diphenhydramine Chlorpromazine Ondansetron Dimenhydrinate Scopolamine... 

Such design criteria have been successfully utilized in commercially available membrane-reservoir type of transdermal delivery systems for scopolamine, nitroglycerin, and more recently, estradiol (40,41). 

Transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS) of nitroglycerin (1), isosorbide dinitrate (2), scopolamine (3) or clonidine (4) have been throughly investigated in vitro and in vivo. However, there have been few studies of skin permeation of ionizable water soluble drugs. 

Scopolamine was the first drug to be marketed as a transdermal delivery system (Transderm-Scop) to alleviate the discomfort of motion sickness. After oral administration, scopolamine has a short duration of action because of a high first-pass effect. In addition, several side-effects are associated with the peak plasma levels obtained. Transderm-Scop is a reservoir system that incorporates two types of release mechanims a rapid, short-term release of drag from the adhesive layer, superimposed on an essentially zero-order input profile metered by the microporous membrane separating the reservoir from the skin surface. The scopolamine patch is able to maintain plasma levels in the therapeutic window for extended periods of time, delivering 0.5 mg over 3 days with few of the side-effects associated with (for example) oral administration. 

Advances in transdermal delivery systems (TDSs) and the technology involved have been rapid because of the sophistication of polymer science, which now allows incorporation of polymeric additives in TDSs in adequate quantity. Drugs with which transdermal therapy was pioneered include scopolamine, nitroglycerine, iso-sorbide dinitrite, clonidine, estradiol, nicotine, and testosterone [74],... 

Scopolamine is available as a transdermal drug delivery system fisr prevention of motion sickness. When placed behind the ear the system delivers 0.5 mg of scopolamine for 3 days. Mydriasis and blurred vision can occur if scopolamine from the patch comes in contact with the eyes. 

Scopolamine, a semisynthetic derivative of atropine, is marketed as a transdermal delivery system (Transderm Sc5p) to prevent motion sickness. The device, which is... 

---