Scientific applications, high-field

Diamantane-based polymers are synthesized to take advantage of their stiffness, chemical and thermal stability, high glass transition temperature, improved solubility in organic solvents, and retention of their physical properties at high temperatures. All these special properties result from their diamantane-based molecular structure [90]. Polyamides are high-temperature polymers with a broad range of applications in different scientific and industrial fields. However, their process is very difficult because of poor solubility and lack of adequate thermal stability retention [90]. Incorporation of 1,6- or... 

The great demand for miniaturization of components in electrotechnical, medicinal or material applications has led to the development of a highly multidisciplinary scientific and technological field called nanotechnology to produce devices with critical dimensions within the range 1 100 nm. The ultimate solution to miniaturization is logically a functional molecular machine, an assembly of components capable of performing mechanical motions (rotation or linear translation) upon external stimulation, such as photoactivation.1103,1104,1239-1244 This motion should be controllable, efficient and occur periodically within an appropriate time-scale therefore, it involves photochromic behaviour discussed in the Special Topic 6.15. Such devices can also be called photochemical switches (Special Topics 6.18 and 6.15). Here we show two examples of molecular machines a molecular rotary motor and a molecular shuttle. 

The high scientific level of these contributions does not preclude considerations of applying various techniques by engineers for applications in field measurements and process evaluation. Thanks are due to all participants in the preparation of this volume of stimulating ideas that should lead to many future innovations. The extra help of Professor Robert S. Brodkey of the Ohio State University is greatly appreciated. 

Due to the unique physico-chemical properties in nanomaterials, the applications are widely used for utility both in scientific and technological fields to understand and manipulate chemically and thermally molecular species. Nanomaterials have hierarchical structure for attaining a low density, high crystalline nature with large surface area with geometry-dependent applications which can be used for the fabrication of diameter dependent devices. The rate of chemical kinetic increases with an increase the concentration of the reactant and at dilute solution the solvent molecules works as barrier between reactants due to their absorptions through intermolecular forces such as weak Van der Waals forces, electrostatic forces. 

These materials possess a wide array of potential applications in many scientific and industrial fields, including gas storage [11, 12], molecular separation [13], catalysis [14], drug delivery [15], sensing [16], and others. This is due to the unique combination of high porosity, very large surface... 

The modification and functionabzation of metal electrodes with self-assembled thiol adlayers [66, 67] opens up many possibilities for electrochemical applications. At present, this very active field is centered on the studies of the electrochemical properties of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) [68, 69]. In short, electrochemical deposition represents a promising technique for the preparation of Cu-NPs due to its ease of use, low cost, environmental friendliness and convenience of manufacture. In particular, the high sensitivity and low cost of the SPEs when using Cu-NPs should lead to their widespread use in a variety of scientific and medical fields, including medical diagnostics. 

It is now a common feeling that our world cannot survive as it is without plastics [1]. Starting from 1930, when the macromolecular concept started to gain acceptance in the scientific community [2], the advances in polymer science have been so striking that plastics have invaded almost every aspect of modern human life, both as daily materials and as sophisticated substrates able to cover high-tech applications [3]. A very easy and simple way to check this assertion is to visit the The Macrogalleria web site (1st floor) [4] where an extensive exemplification of the most common and important plastic applications in different fields is provided in a really immediate and impressive way. 

Thermal storage applications have been proven to be efficient and financially viable, yet they have not been exploited sufficiently. For widespread applications of properly designed and high-efficiency thermal energy storage systems, one must consult the scientific and technical expertise of scientists and engineers in this field. There is an urgent need for an educational opportunity to serve this purpose. 

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