Scales, 8 illus

There is no evidence that Minkowski space is flat on the large scale. The assumption of euclidean Minkowski space could therefore be, and probably is an illusion, like the flat earth. In fact, there is compelling evidence from observed spectroscopic red shifts that space is curved over galactic distances. These red shifts are proportional to distances from the source, precisely as required by a curved space-time[52j. An alternative explanation, in terms of an expanding-universe model that ascribes the red shifts to a Doppler... 

The little man, or homunculus, as it was sometimes called, was imaginative, of course—the mind sometimes creates such illusions when examining an object too small or fuzzy to be clearly seen. The notion that the microscopic world consisted of familiar objects reduced to a small scale was also incorrect. As scientists probed the nature of particles, they realized that the behavior of small objects does not necessarily mimic larger ones. This discovery opened up new vistas in science as well as technology, including the subject of this chapter—technology on the scale of atoms and molecules. 

Measurements commonly involve systematic errors. These are errors that are reproducibly introduced in each measurement because of the construction, use, or calibration of the equipment (as in the case of the stretched scale). The precision of the results may give the illusion of accuracy in such cases. For this reason, it is desirable to make a measurement by various entirely different methods. If the results still show high precision (close agreement with one another), then it is unlikely that systematic errors exist. The accuracy of the measurement can also be tested by using the same measurement methods on a "standard sample" whose value has been certified by some reliable institution, such as the National Bureau of Standards. 

With appropriate parameter scaling (see [2, 3]) the system is in a healthy steady state with S = 0. However, with increasing S the system goes through different dynamic states, including all the clinically described disease pattern. This is illus-... 

The recognition of self-similarity simplifies the description of the physical world, all in response of the vacuum to the curvature of space-time, but complicates the perception of three-dimensional beings of their four-dimensional environment, which they are physically unable to visualize. The perceived infinity of space is the illusion created in simply-connected tangent space by the multiply-connected cosmic reality. The large-scale structure of the imiverse is destined to remain unknown for a long time. 

In Timisia, the olive oil sector plays an important role in the economy, providing both employment and export revenues. Olive trees cover an area of 1.6 million ha with an annual oil production of 170 000 t (Rigane et al., 2011). The last decade, Timisian autochthonous varieties were extensively studied for their potential with regard to VOO quality characteristics. The oils obtained from healthy fruits using laboratory scale extraction, most of the time with the aid of an Abencor type mill and extractor (Oueslati et al., 2009). Thus, the amoimts of bioactive phytochemicals reported are rather high in comparison to what is reported for VOOs from the main producing coimtries. This illusive picture does not reflect necessarily the real content of this nutrient in the commercial products sold locally or of those exported. 

The fabrication of 3D microfluidic stractures is related to the microfabrication or Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) processes, which produce the micro-scale structures (or microchannels) involving or relating to three dimensions (x, y and z) or aspects and giving the illusion of depth, for the handling of fluids in biomedical, chemical, biological devices, etc. It is specifically referred to in the fabrication of microsfiuctures with complex lateral contours using a 2D mask layout. These 3D microstrac-tures may be sculpted in a bulk-substrate or created on the surface of a substrate. 

Situation 3. We need to display temperature value in centigrade degrees. It is recommended to turn the variable into operand of the prefix-operator type with invisible name in the left part of operator =. That is, if we multiply displayed value by the constant °C equal to 1 (the third object named °C) we will get illusion that temperature is represented on relative scale t2 = 132°C. 

The structural integrity of the full-scale unit was checked in the same test rig that was used for heat transfer tests on the small-scale core. The unit was wrapped with Fiberglas and aluminum foil insulation and was operated for 75 min. During this time the flow rates, inlet temperatures, and inlet pressures were recorded. Although the outlet temperatures were not measured, a dramatic illus-... 

The data in Fig. 6 show diat even with the b distributor device the ratio between die maximal and the minimal averaged liquid holdup is up to 300%, and only die chosen scale gives the illusion for approximately uniform distribution of the lupiid holdup. 

In experiments, it seems as if the contact angle varies substantially whenever the TL moves over a sharp edge. O Fig- 4.6 shows that this is just an optical illusion because the experimenter cannot resolve the local microscopic curvature of the edge. At a very sharp, angle on the solid, the contact angle may be considered to become indeterminate, an effect known as canthotaxis. However, this proposition assumes continuum mechanics, which clearly breaks down at this scale. 

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