Saving projects

You can save each of the overlapped molecules separately (File -> Save -> Layer) as individuakpdb or save the superimposed molecules together (File->Save->Project) as overlap.pdb. 

Figure 13.11 South Atlantic distributions of (A) nitrate (pmol kg ) and (B) DIN s (pmol kg ) on (7e surface 26.8. Data collected in the South Atlantic Ventilation Experiment (SAVE) project. Dots are station locations.

For most of the remaining installations, data had been collected since 1993 in connection with voluntary agreements with energy-intensive industries and subsidies to industrial energy-saving projects. 

Assess the reference basis of an energy saving project, namely ... 

A certain investment, if purchased, will result in annual operating savings described by the probability distribution shown in column (b) of Table 12. The project life is described by the probability distribution shown in column (e), and the initial cost is a normally distributed random variable with pu = 25,000 and a = 1000. The discount rate to be used in the analysis, a certainty estimate, is 0.10. It is assumed that the annual savings, project life, and initial cost are independent random variables. If there are no other relevant consequences of the proposed investment, the expected net present value is given by the equation... 

Asset Energy Saving Projects Annual Million savings from fuel gas savings Capital Cost (Million USD) Payback time (years) 15 Year NPV (Million USD) CO2 savings per annum (MT)... 

Project C is a supply chain project and is considered strategic. However, it does not offer the ROI that Project A or B offers. In fact. Acme has difficulty forecasting the financial benefits from Project C. Acme management feels it will be difficult to explain to the board of directors, which must approve the request. If these Acme approvers reject difficult-to-measure savings. Project C is doomed. 

This method of calculating costs gets companies into trouble in implementing supply chain improvements. Like Acme, they base the feasibility of a labor-saving project in the factory or warehouse on 2.80, not 1.00, of savings. This could be in error by a factor of almost three In High Tech and Process, the situation is more extreme. Process is capital intensive High Tech is information intensive. There, each 1 of direct labor could absorb up to 5 of overhead. In these companies, direct labor costs 6 with the cost allocations we described for Old Line in place. And this is not an unusual situation. 

FIGURE 11.24. Energy-saving projects to remove the heater bottlenecks. 

The power recovery turbine was not selected in this revamp package as it was not required for feed expansion. However, it can be considered as a major energy-saving project in the future. 

It is important to understand true variable and fixed steam costs when determining the benefits of an energy-saving project Inaccurate steam costs could lead to wasted investment for energy projects and mislead energy operation improvements. 

What happens if the energy-saving project could reduce HP steam use by 40klb/h From which boiler should steam production be reduced and by how much How do you value the steam to be reduced These are the questions for you to answer. 

It is common that decisions for implementing beneficial improvement ideas are made with the evaluation based on the inside process battery limit (ISBL). It is not surprising to find, in some eases, that the implemented energy-saving projects deliver far less benefits and require mueh high capital compared to what are predicted from evaluation. The reason is that energy savings at the process level can only be realized at the site-wide balanees when the utility bills come at the end of the year. 

Therefore, it is critieal that improvement ideas must be assessed in-line with overall balances of steam, power, and fuel. In typical cases, energy-saving projects could affect steam marginal priees, and henee impact the net benefits that the energy... 

A method is discussed here, which is based on OSBL conditions. This method can have a profound influence on evaluating project economics and thus determining the project selection. Improper project evaluation could lead to bad investment decisions bad projects are selected and good projects are discarded, which, regrettably, is common in energy optimization evaluations. To avoid the bad investment decisions and determine the true benefits for energy-saving projects, the effects on incremental steam, power, boiler feed water (BFW), and fuel balances must be assessed. A practical example is provided the next to illustrate how this method is applied. 

There is a real story of fuel gas long, which was caused due to the implementation of several large energy-saving projects. The fuel gas long scenario was not predicted in advance as the plant had a poor fuel gas balance. The plant fuel gas balance underestimated the production of refinery fuel gas but overestimated fuel... 

Therefore, it is important for a plant to have a good fuel gas balance available for review of the impact of feed changes and energy-saving projects. 

Save project markers in media file saves all orange project markers with the rendered file. Project markers are used only for reference purposes and do not change the audio characteristics of a file. These markers are proprietary to Sonic Foundry and can he seen only hy AQD (in the Track Properties window) and other Sonic Foundry products. 

When energy saving projects are treated, these have to go through four main phases ... 

I get to play with some cool equipment and have been involved in a variety of projeets including some equipment design work, health and safety, production efficiency and energy saving projects to ensure our company produces life-saving medicines in a responsible way that doesn t damage the environment. 

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