Sarin - GB

Other Wear gloves and lab coat with M9 or Ml 7 mask readily 

Emergency procedures Inhalation Hold breath and don respiratory protection 

Eye Contact Flush eyes immediately with water for 10-15 min, then don a respiratory protective mask. Although miosis may be an early sign of agent exposure, do not administer an injection when miosis is the only sign present seek medical attention immediately. 

Skin Contact Don respiratory mask and remove contaminated clothing wash contaminated skin with copious amounts of soap and water immediately using 10% sodium carbonate solution, or 5% liquid household bleach rinse well with water to remove decontamination if local sweating and muscular symptoms occur, administer an intramuscular injection with the MARK I Kit seek medical attention immediately. 

Ingestion Do not induce vomiting first symptoms are likely to be gastrointestinal administer immediately 2-mg intramuscular injection of the MARK I Kit auto injectors seek medical attention immediately. 

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VX (6,7) is estimated to be about three times as potent a respiratory agent as sarin (GB) but about a hundred times as potent as a percutaneous... 

They are generally divided into the G-agents, which in the unmodified state are volatile, and the V-agents, which tend to be more persistent. Even G-agents are capable of being thickened with various substances to increase the persistence and penetration of the intact skin. The principal nerve agents are Tabun (GA), Sarin (GB), Soman (GD), and VX. 

Most chemical agents are essentially cumulative in their effects. The reason is that the human body detoxifies them very slowly or not at all. For example, a 1-h exposure to HD or CG followed within a few hours by another 1-h exposure has about the same effect as a single 2-h exposure. Continued exposure to low concentrations of HD may cause sensitivity to very low concentrations of HD. Other chemical agents also have cumulative effects. For example, an initial exposure to a small (less than lethal) amount of Sarin (GB) would decrease cholinesterase levels a second quantity less than the FDS0... 

The interplay between the chemical and biological properties of the threat agent, on the one hand, and the specific attack scenario, on the other, can influence the lethality of the attack. Table 2-2 shows the relative respiratory toxicities (expressed as the lethal concentration of toxin at which 50 percent of test animals are killed, or LCT50, in milligrams per minute per cubic meter) of a variety of toxic gases compared with chlorine gas, which was used as a chemical weapon in World War I. According to Table 2-2, the nerve agent sarin (GB) has a respiratory toxicity approximately 100 times that of chlorine, while sulfur mustard (HD) is about 7 times more toxic. However, the lethality of an attack... 

Support for the limited metabolism of IMPA to MPA with resultant retention of the MPA is provided by distribution studies of Sarin (GB). Twenty-four hours after intravenous injection of [3H]-labeled Sarin, unextractable label was present in all tissues except the plasma and kidney. At least some unextractable label was presumed by the study authors to be protein-bound MPA (Little et al. 1986, 1988). The concentration of bound MPA was found to be 20-65% of bound IMPA in different mouse brain areas, with the highest concentration found in the hypothalamus. 

Nerve Agent Antidote Kit (NAAK or MARK I) consists of an atropine auto-injector (2 mg), a pralidoxime chloride auto-injector (2-Pam-Cl, 600 mg), the plastic clip joining the two injectors, and a foam case. The kit serve as a countermeasure to nerve agents, including tabun (GA), sarin (GB), soman (GD), GF, and VX. Military personnel can receive three MARK I for self/buddy aid. Possible side effects of atropine and/or 2-PAM-C1 are deemed insignificant in a nerve agent casualty. Intravenous atropine and 2-PAM-C1 can also be made available. The MARK I kit is manufactured by Survival Technology, Inc., Rockville, Maryland. 

Characteristics Nerve agents are liquid under temperate conditions, but, when dispersed, the more volatile ones constitute both a vapor and a liquid hazard. However, the less volatile nerve agents represent primarily a liquid hazard (mainly, the G-agents are more volatile than the nerve agent VX, while sarin (GB) is the most volatile and nerve agent GF is the least volatile of the so-called G-agents. GB has an LCt-50 of 100 (vapor toxicity of mg-min/m3), an ICt-50 of 75 (vapor toxicity of mg-min/m30, and an MCt-50 of 3 (vapor toxicity of mg-min/m3). The LD-50 on skin is 1700mg. 

Guides for Emergency Response Chemical Agent or Weapon Nerve Agent Sarin (GB)... 

Immediate decontamination is required for the smallest drop. VX can be very rapid, and death can occur within fifteen minutes after absorption of a fatal dosage. Heavily splashed liquid persists for long periods under average weather conditions, and VX can persist for months in cold weather. For instance, VX is calculated to be approximately 1,500 times slower in evaporation than sarin (GB). As for LD-50 dose on the skin, sarin (GB) requires a dose of 1700 mg while VX requires only ten mg (tabun requires 1000 mg, soman requires 50 mg, and GF requires 30 mg). 

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