Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Saponins, chemical nature

Since 1958, Shibata and his successors have conducted chemical studies on the saponins of the crude drug. After many twists and turns, it was determined that the major saponins of Ginseng were not oleanane oligoglycosides which are very common in nature, but that the genuine sapogenins were represented by triterpenes of the dammarane type. This was the first example of the occurrence of dammarane saponins in nature. The complications encountered in the isolation and structure determination were mainly due to an unexpected acid catalyzed epimerization of the tertiary hydroxyl group on c-20 of the carbon skeleton which was followed by cyclization of the side chain. This undesirable reaction accompanied acid hydrolysis of the saponins to the sapogenins. [Pg.3]

Saponins are glycosylated secondary metabolites that are widely distributed in the Plant Kingdom.3,4 They are a diverse and chemically complex family of compounds that can be divided into three major groups depending on the structure of the aglycone, which may be a steroid, a steroidal alkaloid, or a triterpenoid. These molecules have been proposed to contribute to plant defense.3 6 Saponins are also exploited as drugs and medicines and for a variety of other purposes.4 Despite the considerable commercial interest in this important group of natural products, little is known about their biosynthesis. This is due in part to the complexity of the molecules, and also to the lack of pathway intermediates for biochemical studies. [Pg.82]

Our early ancestors had quite a struggle to wash clothes, but they were willing to experiment. The first laundry aid they discovered was a natural chemical, saponin, which is found in the leaves and roots of... [Pg.155]

Compounds with different structures but with the same therapeutic activity isolated from different plant species act as active moieties for the treatment of particular diseases. Some of these compounds have been abandoned due to toxicity but these compounds apparently do not cause serious adverse effects. Some of these active principles originate from edible plants and their inclusion in the diet would undoubtedly be of some value because of their hypocholesterolemic potential. Several phytoconstituents including inulin, pectin, gugglu lipids, flavonoids, ginkoloids, saponins, tannins, and others obtained from various plant sources have proven hypolipidemic potentials as has been further explained in Tables I and II. The chemical structures of a few potential phytoconstituents with hypolipidemic activity are shown in Figure 2. It is hoped that as new additions are made to the list of these active compounds causing only minimum untoward side effects, these naturally... [Pg.281]

The high loading capability of large-volume CCC systems is commonly used in industry. Large amounts (gram to kilogram scale) of natural products with high added values are separated by CCC. Alkaloids, antibiotics, enzymes, macrolides, peptides, rare fatty acids, saponins, tannins, taxoids and/or precursors of Taxol , and other fine chemicals have been isolated, separated, and/or purified by preparative CCC [1]. [Pg.839]

Chemical synthesis should provide a realistic way to determine the availability of homogeneous saponins, thus affording new opportunities for understanding and applying this important group of natural products. However, only sporadic studies... [Pg.163]

As expected due to chemical instability the number of acyclic peroxides is lower. Most of them occur as plant derived products, but also in soft corals hke Clavularia inflata, hydroperoxides with potent cytotoxicity exist. Interestingly the bioactivity disappeared when the hydroperoxide function was deleted. It must be noted that most of natural hydroperoxides in plants are foimd in the group of saponins from Panax ginseng or Ficus microcarpa, which are used in ethnomedicine in South East Asia. [Pg.293]

Nature Most ginseng products are derived from plants of the genus Panax that contain multiple triterpenoid saponin glycosides (ginsenosides). Siberian or Brazilian ginseng does not contain these chemicals. [Pg.544]

The present volume reflects these developments, and there is a growing emphasis on bioactive natural products. Articles in this volume include those on structure-activity relationships of highly sweet natural products, chemical constituents of cchinodenns, diterpenoids from Rabdosia and Eremophila sp., structural studies on saponins, marine sesquiterpene quinoncs and antimicrobial activity of amphibian venoms. The reviews on bioactive metabolites of Phomopsis, cardenolide detection by ELISA, xenocoumacins and bioactive dihydroisocoumarins, CD studies of carbohydrate-molybdate complexes, oncogene function inhibitors from microbial secondary metabolites and Gelsemium and Lupin alkaloids present frontier developments in several areas of natural product chemistry. It is hoped that the present volume, which contains articles by eminent authorities in each field, will be received with the same enthusiasm as the previous volumes of this series. [Pg.594]

It is evident that aldehyde-containing saponins, particularly those from Quillaja saponaria Molina, have unique features which provide them with particular immune stimulating properties. However, some of their chemical properties cause instability and toxicity which interfere with their utility as adjuvants. A better understanding of the underlying relationships between the saponin s chemical structure and biological functions, such as immune system modulation and toxicity, would allow the future development of semi-synthetic and synthetic molecules having the advantages but not the liabilities of these natural products. [Pg.167]

As an extension of chemical investigation on the pharmaceutically important naturally occurring saponins [48-57], Mahato and his coworkers isolated three acylated triterpenoid bisglycosides, acaciasides A (25), B (26) and C (27) from the water soluble saponin fraction obtained... [Pg.497]


See other pages where Saponins, chemical nature is mentioned: [Pg.27]    [Pg.230]    [Pg.211]    [Pg.2559]    [Pg.55]    [Pg.150]    [Pg.167]    [Pg.13]    [Pg.1821]    [Pg.96]    [Pg.189]    [Pg.500]    [Pg.519]    [Pg.579]    [Pg.90]    [Pg.181]    [Pg.45]    [Pg.486]    [Pg.1001]    [Pg.421]    [Pg.311]    [Pg.18]    [Pg.318]    [Pg.286]    [Pg.175]    [Pg.688]    [Pg.55]    [Pg.213]    [Pg.676]    [Pg.820]    [Pg.289]    [Pg.289]    [Pg.46]    [Pg.20]    [Pg.55]    [Pg.135]    [Pg.487]    [Pg.918]    [Pg.36]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.320 ]




SEARCH



Chemical nature

Natural chemicals

Saponine

© 2024 chempedia.info