Activity hypolipidemic

Amine boranes have been examined by a variety of spectroscopic methods (24—29). The boron-substituted alpha-amino acids have been utilized in animal model studies. These compounds along with their precursors and selected derivatives have been shown to possess antineoplastic, antiarthritic, and hypolipidemic activity (30—32). The boron amino acid analogues are also being evaluated for possible utility in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) (33). 

FIGURE 4.6 Effect of solid-state enzyme treatment on hypolipidemic activities of psyllium. Plasma lipid concentrations in hamsters were measured at day 35. Values are mean SEM (vertical bars) for nine animals per group. Within each response parameter, values not sharing common letters are significantly different, P<0.05. Modified Psy-1 and modified Psy-2 represent the two modified psyllium preparations using the Viscozyme L and the Shearzyme 500 L, respectively, under the solid-state reaction conditions (re-drawn from Allen et al., 2004). 

Hypolipidemic activity. Seed hull, administered to mice at a dose of 2.5% of diet for 18 weeks, was inactive " . The husk, administered orally to male Hartley guinea pigs at doses of 7.5 or 10 g/100 g of Plantago ovata for 4 weeks, exerted a hypolipidemic effect by affecting bile acid absorption and altering hepatic cholesterol metabolism Insulin release inhibition. Seed administered orally to 18 patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes at a dose of 13.6 g/day lowered insulin levels by 17% . 

In vivo studies also showed that chitosan has hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic activities (Nagyvary et al., 1979 Sugano et al., 1978,1980). 

Compounds with different structures but with the same therapeutic activity isolated from different plant species act as active moieties for the treatment of particular diseases. Some of these compounds have been abandoned due to toxicity but these compounds apparently do not cause serious adverse effects. Some of these active principles originate from edible plants and their inclusion in the diet would undoubtedly be of some value because of their hypocholesterolemic potential. Several phytoconstituents including inulin, pectin, gugglu lipids, flavonoids, ginkoloids, saponins, tannins, and others obtained from various plant sources have proven hypolipidemic potentials as has been further explained in Tables I and II. The chemical structures of a few potential phytoconstituents with hypolipidemic activity are shown in Figure 2. It is hoped that as new additions are made to the list of these active compounds causing only minimum untoward side effects, these naturally... 

Basarkar, P.W. and Nath, N. 1983. Hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic activity of quercetin, a vitamin P-like compound in rats. Indian J. Med. Res. 77, 122—126. 

Khanna, A.K., Chander, R., Sing, C., Srivastav, A.K., and Kapoor, N.K. 1992. Hypolipidemic activity of Achyranthus aspera in normal and triton induced hyperlipidemic rats. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 30, 128-130. 

There is some evidence that y-oryzanol present in rice bran oil lowers semm total- and LDL cholesterol as well (16, 185, 188). Butter from the Shea tree, Butyro-spermum parkii, contains a very high level of 4,4-dimethylsterols (about 8%) mostly as esters of cinnamic acid (oryzanols). Apparent absorption of these sterols, as estimated by their disappearance from feces, was found to be 27-52% in Wistar rat and 13-49% in humans (189). It was found that the cinnamic acid esters of the 4-desmethylsterols of rice bran oils, but not those of the 4,4 -dimethylsterols of shea nut oil possess hypolipidemic activity (190). 

A number of substituted benzenesulfonic acid esters and p-chlorophenoxy-isobutyric acid esters produced hypolipidemic activity.35 Among a series of p-alkoxybenzoic acids, enhanced hypotriglyceridemic and hypocholesterol-emic activity was observed with oximino- (14) and chloro- (15) substituents.98 Hypocholesterolemia was observed after the administration of 16 to rats.97 Tetronic 701, a polymeric surfactant, also lowered serum cholesterol the tetrabenzoate of Tetronic 701 is of particular interest, since it produced comparatively less growth depression.98 Two linoleamide derivatives, (-)N-fa-phenyl-B-(p-tolyl)ethylllinoleamide (PTLA) and N-(a-methyl-benzoyl)linoleamide, suppressed serum and liver cholesterol levels in rats and inhibited cholesterol absorption b interfering with the hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters in the intestine.99 101... 

Three- and four-bond proton-proton couplings have been measured by Siergiejczyk et for ( )-asarone, ([( )-l-propenyl]trimethoxybenzene) and its five isomers, the compounds which exhibit significant hypolipidemic activity. 

Isoflavones are found in Glycine max (soybean). Clinical research has demonstrated soy isoflavones to be effective in menstrual diseases. They have antioxidant activity also. Isoflavones belong to a group of compounds known as phyto-estrogens. The isoflavone content of soybean is 10 tO 20 times more than other plants. Genistein is a potent tyrosine inhibitor, whereas daidezein has antioxidant activity. Recently isoflavones have been investigated for hypolipidemic activity. 

Sterols are derivatives of steroid. As discussed in chapter on saponins some chemical constituents present in plant flora resemble with steroids. Modem clinical studies have supported their role as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. P-sitosterol has significant hypolipidemic activity. 

T Kuroda, K Kondo, T Iwasaki, A Ohtani, K Takashima. Synthesis and hypolipidemic activity of diesters of arylnaphthalene lignan and their heteroaromatic analogs. Chem Pharm BulU5 67S-6M, 1997. 

Pharmacologically Active Compounds. - 2-Aryl-3-alkoxybenzo[Z)]thiophens have been shown to possess hypolipidemic activity. Alkyl and poly-halophenyl esters of benzo[ ] thiophen-3-carbamic acid show antibacterial and antifungal activities. Benzo[Z ]thiophen-3-sulphonamides show herbicidal activity. Derivatives of 2-cyano-3-hydroxybenzo[Z>] thiophen show sympatholytic activity. ... 

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