Sampling programme

ISO (1980), Water quality—Sampling—Part 1 Guidance on the design of sampling programmes, 5667-1 (Geneva International Organization for Standardization). 

The quality and utility of analytical data depend critically on the validity of the sample and the adequacy of the sampling programme and storage procedures (see Sample Preparation and Decomposition). 

Any sampling programme has been designed to be statistically representative of the geographic area, population, time period, etc. 

In all cases, it is necessary that sufficient detail on study design, sampling programmes and implementation be reported with the studies such that their potential influence on the accuracy of the results can be assessed. Exposure assessors are then better able to evaluate and characterize the sources and degree of bias and uncertainty and their influence on exposure assessments. 

To sample the settling flux directly, free-floating multiple-sample programmable sediment traps (Pro-Trap) were deployed at all three fjords for about 16 h at each time (trap depth 60 m). The Pro-Trap system consists of four polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sediment tubes, each of 0.018 square meter exposed area (cylinder height of 80 cm, trap aspect ratio A 4 5.3), mounted on a stain-less-steel frame. Depth and angle sensors allowed defining the position of the traps in the water... 

Sampling programme, sampling plan, sampling schedule, sampling scheme... 

The term sampling programme is commonly used to describe a combination of procedures where several related sampling schemes are combined. 

The initial step in the design of any sampling programme is the definition of the objective of the study. The broad objective of this study is to determine whether... 

Total (non-speciated) sulphur analysis may yield all the information needed or desired for some sampling programmes. When only a total sulphur measurement is required, the gas sample is passed through an empty Teflon column, by-passing the chromatographic column, and is sent directly into the detector (Tracor, 1973 Lovell, 1979). Total sulphur analyses can be very rapid, requiring less than 2 min. per analysis. 

DESIGN STATISTICAL SAMPLING PROGRAMME (including modeiling programmes for physicai processes)... 

Whatever chemical species have to be monitored in a given ecosystem, the first step is to correctly define the information needed then, the analytical procedures to obtain it can be chosen and tested. Before planning the sampling programme, all the information available on the studied area concerning different chemical, physical and biological parameters which may affect the concentration level of analytes should be carefully considered. Based on this preliminary study, the minimum number of sampling stations, their spatial position and their time frequency can be suitably defined to obtain the information needed. 

Vertical survey. Analysis of data from the vertical surveys shows that the depth effect was not significant, and was eliminated from the sampling programme for the estimation of the spatial and temporal variability. The variations in the physico-chemical parameters, measured with the multiparameter probe, with depth are presented (for positions 1-1, 1-3 and 1-5 along transect I) in Figure 4.5.8 for illustrative purposes. In... 

International Standards Organisation (2006) Water quality - sampling, part 1 guidance on the design of sampling programmes and sampling techniques. ISO 5667-1 2006. 

A programme of sampling the sediments that had begun in 1977 was enhanced and an environmental scientist was employed by the Trust in 1979 to analyse the material and select samples for appraisal by consultants. The strategy of the sampling programme was two pronged ... 

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