Sampling instruments

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Air Sampling Instruments, 7th ed., ACGIH, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1989. 

The problem with plant data becomes more significant when sampling, instrument, and cahbration errors are accounted for. These errors result in a systematic deviation in the measurements from the actual values. Descriptively, the total error (mean square error) in the measurements is... 

Hering, S. V., "Air Sampling Instruments for Evaluation of Air Contaminants." ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH, 1989... 

Standard sampling instruments and procedures have been developed by OSHA with the assistance of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 

Protection of monitoring and sampling instruments by covering them with plastic or plastic bags (openings can be made in the bags for sample ports and sensors that are required to physically contact worksite materials). 

Riisen. I lMF.X. Combined use of air sampling instruments and video filming Expeiienec and resuhs during six years of use. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 8(4), 199,1. 

In the measurement of emission gas mass concentration at sources, a gas sample is extracted via an automatic isokinetic particulate-sampling instrument. The monitoring system generates a direct, real-time emission particulate mass... 

Chemical and physical nonlinearities are caused by interactions among the components of a system. They include such effects as peak shifting and broadening as a function of the concentration of one or more components in the sample. Instrumental nonlinearities are caused by imperfections and/or nonideal behavior in the instrument. For example, some detectors show a... 

Lioy, P.J., and Lioy, M.J.Y. (19S9) Air Sampling Instruments, ACGIH, Cincinnati. 

A clean sampler should be used at different sampling points in order to prevent contamination as described earlier. A borer with a liner is recommended to minimize contamination. Using this type of sampling device, only the liner is exchanged. When a borer has to be re-used, it should be thoroughly washed and rinsed with distilled water. Other sampling instruments are dealt with in the same manner. 

Active Air Sampling Active air sampling provides quantitative data because air at a known flow rate is impacted on a strip of nutrient media, followed by incubation of the nutrient strips and enumeration of colonies. Common active air sampling instruments include the slit-to-agar impact sampler and the centrifugal (Reuter) sampler. 

Electrostatic Radon Monitor (ERM). The Flow-Type Electrostatic Sampling Instrument (the electrostatic radon monitor) was first developed by Dalu and Dalu, 1971 (Dalu and Dalu, 1971). In the present study a modified version developed by Iida (1985) was used. 

Depending on the configuration of the device and the method for sample and reagents introduction, it is possible to classify the systems into static (batch or discrete sampling instrument) or flowing stream, both using continuous-flow or stopped-flow systems. 

Drew, R.T. and Lippmann, M. (1978). Calibration of air sampling instruments. In Air Sampling Instruments for Evaluation of Atmospheric Contaminants, 5th ed. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, Ohio, Section I. pp. 1-32. 

Methods Samples were collected for the period of three consecutive days for indoors and outdoors, at each microenvironment. Sampling duration was for 8 h from 10 00 am to 6 00 pm during all the seasons. TVOC levels were measured using a portable data logging Ion Science PhoCheck+ photoionization detector (PID) equipped with 10.6eV ultra-violet lamp4. The sampling instrument was placed... 

Guide to Health Records for Health Services in Small Industries Industrial Ventilation—A Manual of Recommended Practice Air Sampling Instruments for Evaluation of Atmospheric Contaminants American Industrial Hygiene Association, 66 South Miller Road, Akron, OH 44311-1087... 

Separation conditions in general refer to the entire system, including sample, instrument, detection, capillary, buffer, separation voltage, time, and polarity. Again, due to the flexibility in development that CZE methods afford, special attention to each of these variables may be necessary. Once the method has been optimized, qualification testing... 

The Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association (NiPERA) is sponsoring research on the application of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) to isotopic analysis of nickel in biological samples, on the development of sampling instrumentation for assessing workers exposure to nickel in the nickel industry, and on methods for utilizing newly developed analytical methods, such as laser beam ionization mass spectrometry, for the identification and speciation of nickel compounds in powders and dusts with particular reference to nickel refining. 

Aerosol sampling instruments were housed in an air conditioned monitoring trailer operated by NWC. The particle light scattering coefficient, bg, was continuously measured with modified MRI Model 1561 integrating nephelometer. The nephelometer automatically zeroed daily and was calibrated quarterly. 

Verify the air sample rate, time, and location of the plate before starting the sampling. Sampling time should be 20 min at every location. After the sampling is complete, remove the collection plates, cover, and identify them. Identification should include date, sampling instrument number, location, and plate number. 

Instrumentation. A Varian Model 63 atomic absorption spectrophotometer, equipped with a graphite atomizer head was used to analyze all samples. Instrument parameters appear in Table I. A tin, hollow cathode lamp was used to generate the desired wavelength. A deuterium arc lamp was used to correct for non-atomic absorption signals. 

Another version of a sampling instrument has been considered by Skars-... 

Assume further that the feed pressure is Pf = 1.0 bar and that the sampling-chamber pressure is controlled to ps = 1.01 bar. Assuming that the sampling instrument can detect H2 and CH4 at levels above 100 ppm, size the volume of the chamber and the Ar flow rates. Nominal inlet Ar flow rates are in the range m, = 2 x 10-7 kg/s. 

To the Foundation for Science and Technology and the Azores Regional Government for the financial support to the project, to the Azores Electricity company for the installation of the power supply, and to Mister Francisco Carrondo for allowing the installation of the sampling instrument in his lands. 

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