Sampling 190 INDEX

The oscillator output samples x[n] are generated for each output sample index n ... 

I Comment Sample Index Sample Type Concentration. Calculated Coi... 

Here are three sample index cards from Amy Lawrence s working bibliography ... 

First, the apparent recovery or movement of dosed systems towards the reference case may be an artifact of our measurement systems that allow the n-dimensional data to be represented in a two-dimensional system. In an n-dimensional sense, the systems may be moving in opposite directions and simply bypass similar coordinates during certain time intervals. Positions can be similar but the n-dimensional vectors describing the movements of the systems can be very different. One-time sampling indexes are likely to miss these movements or incorrectly plot the system in an arbitrary coordinate system. 

Let pr k (r, k) denote the 2-dimensional PDF of the received signal samples rn and the corresponding key values kn. Here, IID signals are considered so that the sample index n can be neglected in the statistical analysis. 

The minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) estimate xn of the original signal sample xn should be derived for each received sample rn. IID signals are assumed so that the sample index n is suppressed in the following. With help of the known key sequence sample k and known watermark letter d, the... 

Eq. (94) can be corrected for absorbing samples if the linear absorption coefficient is known. In any case, the value of the linear refractive index must be known. For liquid samples an Abe refractometer can be used. For solid samples index matching liquids can be used, although for thin films the most convenient method is the m-line technique [68]. 

Sample index corresponds with time of sample aquisition Simca-P 8.0 by Umetrics AB 2002-09-09 14 56... 

To study the ratio between crystalline and non-crystalline fractions of cellulose, different experimental techniques can be used including IR or Raman spectroscopy, solid-state C-NMR, X-ray diffraction and some others (Park et al., 2010). In most cases, these experiments give so-called index of crystallinity (Crl) that shov the comparative content of crystalline fraction in several cellulose samples. Index of crystallinity may indicate which of the samples has greater crystallinity and which has less crystallinity, but it does not disclose the true degree of crystallinity, i.e., weight part of the crystalline fraction in cellulose. Besides, it was found that the value of Crl for the same sample varies significantly depending on the chosen measurement technique (Evans et al., 1995 Park etal., 2010). 

The accession index file contains the accession number for a given structural formula and a table of sample index records for each accession number. This sequence provides quick access to data for all samples of a peirticular chemical. 

The sample index file is keyed by the sample or bottle nvim-ber. This number is cross-referenced to the accession number so that a given Scunple may be attached to a specific structure. The sequence permits the chemistry subsystem direct access to either the biology or the inventory subsystem euid provides for direct access of the structures for reports by the inventory and/or biology subsystems. The scinple index file also contains some administrative information cUaout each Scunple such as the source the method by which the sample was obtained (e.g. gift, purchased, etc.), whether this sample is the original submission or a duplicate, discreet (i.e., proprietary) or open. 

As a consequence, other than its use in the ndM method, the refractive index is very often used in process operations because it can indicate smaii differences in product quality that would be missed by other measurements. The only restriction is that the color of the sample should be less than 5 on the ASTM D 1500 scale. 

An important application of this type of analysis is in the determination of the calculated cetane index. The procedure is as follows the cetane number is measured using the standard CFR engine method for a large number of gas oil samples covering a wide range of chemical compositions. It was shown that this measured number is a linear combination of chemical family concentrations as determined by the D 2425 method. An example of the correlation obtained is given in Figure 3.3. 

This usefulness of the correlation is twq-fpld first it provides information on the cetane indices that are not aViit le in the literature as in the cases of polynuclear aromatics and sulfur-containing aromatics, and second it helps provide an evaluation of the cetane index based on a few milligrams of sample, instead of the liter or so required for the motor method. 

The physics of X-ray refraction are analogous to the well known refraction of light by optical lenses and prisms, governed by Snell s law. The special feature is the deflection at very small angles of few minutes of arc, as the refractive index of X-rays in matter is nearly one. Due to the density differences at inner surfaces most of the incident X-rays are deflected [1]. As the scattered intensity of refraction is proportional to the specific surface of a sample, a reference standard gives a quantitative measure for analytical determinations. 

Most fiindamental surface science investigations employ single-crystal samples cut along a low-index plane. The single-crystal surface is prepared to be nearly atomically flat. The surface may also be modified in vacuum. For example, it may be exposed to a gas that adsorbs (sticks) to the surface, or a film can be grown onto a sample by evaporation of material. In addition to single-crystal surfaces, many researchers have investigated vicinal, i.e. stepped, surfaces as well as the surfaces of polycrystalline and disordered materials. 

In describing a particular surface, the first important parameter is the Miller index that corresponds to the orientation of the sample. Miller indices are used to describe directions with respect to the tluee-dimensional bulk unit cell [2]. The Miller index indicating a particular surface orientation is the one that points m the direction of the surface nonual. For example, a Ni crystal cut perpendicular to the [100] direction would be labelled Ni(lOO). 

Figure C2.5.10. The figure gives tire foldability index ct of 27-mer lattice chains witli sets containing different number of amino acids. The sets are generated according to scheme described in [27], The set of 20 amino acids is taken as a standard sample. Each sequence witli 20 amino acids is optimized to fulfil tire stability gap [5]. The residues in tire standard samples are substituted witli four different sets containing a smaller number of amino acids [27]. The foldability of tliese substitutions is indicated by tire full circles. The open diamonds correspond to tire sequences witli same composition. However, tire amino acids are chosen from tire reduced representation and tire resultant sequence is optimized using tire stability gap [5].

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