Biology subsystem

While active particle d)mamics can address the motion of any suspended particle in a fluid, microfluidic researchers are usually interested in pol)mer chains because these structures in general do not follow the fluid flow, have a high degree of flexibility, and model important biological subsystems such as DNA and many types of proteins. If we want to track or manipulate different polymer chains in... 

The sample index file is keyed by the sample or bottle nvim-ber. This number is cross-referenced to the accession number so that a given Scunple may be attached to a specific structure. The sequence permits the chemistry subsystem direct access to either the biology or the inventory subsystem euid provides for direct access of the structures for reports by the inventory and/or biology subsystems. The scinple index file also contains some administrative information cUaout each Scunple such as the source the method by which the sample was obtained (e.g. gift, purchased, etc.), whether this sample is the original submission or a duplicate, discreet (i.e., proprietary) or open. 

Eigure 3 represents an illustrative biological application an Asp Asn mutation, carried out either in solution or in complex with a protein [25,26]. The calculation uses a hybrid amino acid with both an Asp and an Asn side chain. Eor convenience, we divide the system into subsystems or blocks [27] Block 1 contains the ligand backbone as well as the solvent and protein (if present) block 2 is the Asp moiety of the hybrid ligand side chain block 3 is the Asn moiety. We effect the mutation by making the Asn side chain gradually appear and the Asp side chain simultaneously disappear. We choose initially the hybrid potential energy function to have the form... 

Figure 5. Schematic of an external EM field interaction with the equilibrium system and the dissipative subsystem. a(w) and are the attenuation function and the biological-response function for the equilibrium system, respectively aBIsM and [hns(i ) are the same functions, respectively, for the dissipative subsystem,- m is the frequency of the EM field.

This work is a first approach to system reduction for biochemical systems. The research perspective is to apply system reduction to a large biochemical system, possibly using decomposition of the system into small subsystems or modules. Moreover, system reduction methods have to be developed which apply to nonlinear systems with state variables that remain positive when starting with positive initial concentrations, and produce systems with the same properties, which admit a biological interpretation. 

Fig. 2 Elementary combinatorics of infrabiological systems. The chemoton is a biological minimal system comprising three qualitatively different subsystems (metabolism, membrane, and template)...

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