Sampling badge

Sample badge A small clip-on device that contains solid sorbent and is used for... 

In recent years passive samplers have become popular. They come with various kinds of analyte-specific sorbents, and the rate of diffusion for that particular device has been determined by the manufacturer. Some of these passive devices are color detector tubes and can be read directly after the sampling period. Other passive samples must be sent back to the supplier s laboratory for analyses. Figure 6.3.1.3 shows a passive sampling badge. 

Health and Safety. Remover formulas that are nonflammable may be used in any area that provides adequate ventilation. Most manufacturers recommend a use environment of 50—100 parts per million (ppm) time weighted average (TWA). The environment can be monitored with passive detection badges or by active air sampling and charcoal absorption tube analysis. The vapor of methylene chloride produces hydrogen chloride and phosgene gas when burned. Methylene chloride-type removers should not be used in the presence of an open flame or other heat sources such as kerosene heaters (8). 

Recent Uses of Solid-Surface Luminescence Analysis in Environmental Analysis. Vo-Dinh and coworkers have shown very effectively how solid-surface luminescence techniques can be used for environmentally important samples (17-22). RTF has been used for the screening of ambient air particulate samples (17,18). In addition, RTF has been employed in conjunction with a ranking index to characterize polynuclear aromatic pollutants in environmental samples (19). A unique application of RTF reported recently is a personal dosimeter badge based on molecular diffusion and direct detection by RTF of polynuclear aromatic pollutants (20). The dosimeter is a pen-size device that does not require sample extraction prior to analysis. 

Kring EV, Damrell DJ, Henry TJ, et al. 1984. Laboratory validation and field verification of a new passive colorimetric air monitoring badge for sampling hydrogen sulfide in air. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 45 1-9. 

Brede, C., Skjevrak, L, Herikstad, H., Anensen, E., Austvoll, R. and Hemmingsen, T. (2002). Improved sample extraction and clean-up for the GC-MS determination of BADGE and BFDGE in vegetable oil. Food Addit. Contain., 19, 5, 483 91. 

The charcoal tubes were broken open and the charcoal transferred into a stoppered glass test tube. One milliliter of carbon disulfide was pipetted into each tube, and 1.5 ml of carbon disulfide was pipetted into each 3M vapor monitor badge. After 30 minutes, aliquots of carbon disulfide were injected into the gas chromatograph and compared versus hydrocarbon standards prepared in carbon disulfide. The total areas of the sample and standard peaks were measured by the data system. 

The sorbent tube is placed near the worker s breathing zone, and the outlet of the tube is attached to a calibrated personal sampling pump. A known volume of air is drawn through the tube. Alternatively, several passive charcoal badges are currently commercially available. No sampling pump is required for these devices,... 

For storage stability tests, a sufficient number of badges were exposed to an exposure dose level of approximately one-half the charcoal capacity at 80 percent relative humidity. Half the samples were refrigerated (40-45°F) and half were left at ambient temperatures (75-80°F). Badges were then analyzed at intervals ranging from one day to three weeks. 

The badge sampling rate is a direct function of the diffusion coefficient (D) of the organic vapor(s) being sampled and the total cross-sectional area (A) of the badge cavities. The rate is an inverse function of the diffusion path or length (L) of the cavities. 

See Figure 5.) The sampling rate of the backup section is a function of the total area and length through which the contaminant must travel from the front face of the badge to the backup section charcoal strip. This sampling rate can be determined by the use of equation (3)(14). 

Figure 10 represents the total corrected mass as a function of exposure dose for toluene from the data collected in Figure 6. A linear relationship exists out to exposure dose levels of at least 9,000 ppm-hours versus 4,000 ppm-hours for the front section of the badge. This extended linearity allows one to increase the sampling time for measuring an exposure.

After a test exposure, the cover was replaced on the badge and the badge resealed in a pouch. Then, half of the samples were refrigerated and half were stored at ambient temperatures. Figure 11 shows that the storage stability of the total mass collected is approximately two weeks for acetone, trichloroethylene, and toluene whether stored refrigerated or at ambient temperatures. 

To date, laboratory sampling tests for acetone, methyl-chloroform, trichloroethylene and toluene have confirmed the Pro- G-BB Organic Vapor Air Monitoring Badge s ability to ... 

Storage stability studies indicate that badge samples can be stored up to two weeks either refrigerated or at ambient temperatures. However, for volatile compounds such as acetone and trichloroethylene migration does occur and separation of the charcoal strips immediately after exposure is recommended. 

Figure 20.3—Gas-svlid extraction. The principle of a gas-solid extraction column is shown as well as the chemical reaction used to derivatise an aldehyde in an atmospheric pollution test (adapted from a Supelco Inc. document). Examples of extraction tubes and a passive badge to trap gas samples are shown. (Reproduced by permission of Supelco Inc.. USA.)...

The analyst who plans to carry out migration testing for BADGE is often confronted with the question how to obtain a suitable BADGE sample, since it is not... 

In spite of the fact that two very suitable test methods were available for BADGE determination in food simulants, the need for a sensitive and convenient control method for real foodstuffs was not yet satisfied. This need originated from the so-called BADGE problem observed first in Switzerland (Biedermann et al. 1996) and then in many European countries. Control laboratories found BADGE very frequently exceeding the legal restriction values in samples drawn from the market. 

Figure 10-7 Selective analysis of BADGE in a food sample detection of the parent ion mJz = 358.1 the MS mode (upper) and daughter ion m/z = 191 in the MS-MS mode (lower).

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