Sample preparation automated, high-performance liquid

H. F. M. Hermes, and J. Kamphuis, Determination of biocatalyst consumption in an aminopeptidase process using automated sample preparation and high-performance liquid chromatography,... 

Kato K. et al., 2005. Determination of 16 phthalate metabolites in urine using automated sample preparation and onhne preconcentration/high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 77 2985. 

Lant M.S. and Oxford J., 1987. Automated sample preparation online with thermospray high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of drugs in plasma. J Chromatogr A 394 223. 

Guillen, D.A., Barroso, C.G., and Perez-Bustamante, J.A., Automation of sample preparation as a preliminary stage in the high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of polyphenolic compounds in sherry wines, J. Chromatogr. A, 730, 39, 1996. 

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a fast technique that, with high precision and specificity, separates mixtures into individual ingredients. Used as a routine procedure, it has several advantages It can be completely automated sample cleanup and preparation are simple and the reproducibility of the packing material means that the analytical conditions remain the same for a new column. 

G. Theodoridis, C.K. Zacharis, RD. Tzanavaras, D.G. Themelis, A. Economou, Automated sample preparation based on the sequential injection principle. Solid-phase extraction on a molecularly imprinted polymer coupled on-line to high-performance liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A 1030 (2004) 69. 

Attempts to develop automated methods from first principles require that sufficient time, hiunan skills, and resource are available and that these are not critical elements in the method development equation. Therefore, before beginning any work, it is important that sufficient information be assembled to enable a risk and technical feasibility assessment to be carried out on the proposed automated sample preparation method. Thus, it is important that the method selected comprises sample preparation processes that are amenable to automation. The techniques that have the greatest potential for automation are solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. Other sample preparation techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction, protein precipitation, and ultrafiltration are either difficult to automate or may not be cost-efficient to do so compared with alternative approaches. 

Many different sample preparation techniques are available to the drug discovery scientist. Off-line sample preparation procedures include protein precipitation, filtration, dilution followed by injection, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), and solid-phase extraction (SPE). Typically, these procedures are performed in an automated, high-throughput mode that features a 96-well plate format. Online sample preparation procedures include SPE and turbulent flow chromatography (TFC) with conventional chromatographic media or restricted access media (RAM). These online approaches are often simple and easy to automate. 

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