High performance liquid automation

M. Cavalleri, W. Pollini and L. Colombo, Determination of ramoplanin in human urine by high performance liquid cliromatography with automated column switching ,... 

Figure 9.6 Surfer-generated chromatoeletropherogram of fluorescamine-labeled tryptic digest of ovalbumin. Reprinted from Analytical Chemistry, 62, M. M. Bushey and J. W. Jorgenson, Automated instrumentation for comprehensive two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography/capillary zone electrophoresis, pp 978-984, copyright 1990, with permission from the American Chemical Society.

J. A. Apffel, T. V. Alfredson and R. E. Majors, Automated on-line multi-dimensional high performance liquid chromatographic techniques for the clean-up and analysis of water-soluble samples , J. Chromatogr. 206 43-57 (1981). 

D. Wu, M. Berua, G. Maier and J. Johnson, An automated multidimensional sa eening approach for rapid method development in high-performance liquid cliromatography , 7. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 16 57-68 (1997). 

T. M. P. Cliichila, P. O. Edlund, J. D. Henion, R. Wilson and R. L. Epstein, Determination of melengesti ol acetate in bovine tissues by automated coupled-column normal-phase high-performance liquid cliromatography , ]. Chromatogr. 488 389-406 (1989). 

J. R K. Huber and G. Lamprecht, Assay of neopterin in serum by means of two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography with automated column switching using tliree retention mechanism , 7. Chromatogr. B 666 223-232(1995). 

G. Ziircher and M. Da Prada, Simple automated high-performance liquid cliromato-graplric column-switching tecnique for the measurement of dopa and 3-O-methyldopa in plasma , 7. Chromatogr. 530 253-262 (1990). 

R. A. Coe, E. S. DeCesare and J. W. Eee, Quantitation of efletirizine in human plasma and urine using automated solid-phase exti action and column-switching high-performance liquid clrromatography , 7. Chromatogr. B 730 239-247 (1999). 

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an excellent technique for sample preseparation prior to GC injection since the separation efficiency is high, analysis time is short, and method development is easy. An LC-GC system could be fully automated and the selectivity characteristics of both the mobile and stationary... 

High-performance liquid chromatographic system equipped with an automated column switching system... 

Sharman, M. and Gilbert, J., Automated aflatoxin analysis of foods and animal feeds using immunoaffinity column clean-up and high-performance liquid chromatographic determination, /. Chromatogr., 543, 220, 1991. 

Marvin, C. H., Brindle, I. D., Singh, R. P., Hall, C. D., and Chiba, M., Simultaneous determination of trace concentrations of benomyl, carbendazim (MBC) and nine other pesticides in water using an automated on-line pre-concentration high-performance liquid chromatographic method, /. Chromatogr., 518, 242, 1990. 

Takahashi, N., Takahashi, Y., Ishioka, N., Blumberg, B., and Putnam, F. W., Application of an automated tandem high-performance liquid chromatographic system to peptide mapping of genetic variants of human serum albumin, J. Chromatogr., 359, 181, 1986. 

High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) Analysis. A Waters HPLC system (two Waters 501 pumps, automated gradient controller, 712 WISP, and 745 Data module) with a Shimadzu RF-535 fluorescence detector or a Waters 484 UV detector, and a 0.5 pm filter and a Rainin 30 x 4.6 mm Spheri-5 RP-18 guard column followed by a Waters 30 x 3.9 cm (10 pm particle size) p-Bondapak C18 column was used. The mobile phase consisted of a 45% aqueous solution (composed of 0.25% triethylamine, 0.9% phosphoric acid, and 0.01% sodium octyl sulfate) and 55% methanol for prazosin analysis or 40% aqueous solution and 60% methanol for naltrexone. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Prazosin was measured by a fluorescence detector at 384 nm after excitation at 340 nm (8) and in vitro release samples of naltrexone were analyzed by UV detection at 254 nm. 

Bushey, M.M., Jorgenson, J.W. (1990). Automated instrumentation for comprehensive two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography of proteins. Anal. Chem. 62,161-167. Cabrera, K. (2004). Applications of silica-based monolithic HPLC columns. J. Sep. Sci. 27, 843-852. 

Masuda, J., Maynard, D.M., Nishimura, M., Ueda, T., Kowalak, J.A., Markey, S.P. (2005). Fully automated micro- and nanoscale one- or two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography system for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry compatible with nonvolatile salts for ion exchange chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 1063, 57-69. 

Mangani, F., Luck, G., Fraudeau, C., Verette, E. (1997). Online column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of cardiovascular drugs in serum with automated sample clean-up and zone-cutting technique to perform chiral separation. J. Chromatogr. A 762, 235-241. 

Garst, J.E. (1984) Accurate, wide range, automated, high performance liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of octanol/water partition coefficients. II Equilibration in partition coefficient measurements, additivity of substituent-constants and correlation of biological data. J. Pharm. Sci. 73(11), 1623-1629. 

Kato K. et al., 2005. Determination of 16 phthalate metabolites in urine using automated sample preparation and onhne preconcentration/high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 77 2985. 

Lant M.S. and Oxford J., 1987. Automated sample preparation online with thermospray high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of drugs in plasma. J Chromatogr A 394 223. 

Despite the advances made in high-performance liquid chromatography in recent years, there are still occasionally applications in which conventional column chromatography is employed. These methods lack the sensitivity, resolution and automation of HPLC. They include the determination of urea herbicides in soil, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, carbohydrates, chloroaliphatic compounds and humic and fulvic acids in non-saline sediments. The technique has also been applied in sludge analysis, e.g. aliphatic hydrocarbons and carboxylic acids. 

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