Salts, “acid double

The acidic double salt of ammonium acetate and acetic acid [25007-86-7], CH COONH CH COOH, is made by dissolving the neutral salt in hot acetic acid or by distilling the neutral salt. During distillation the acid salt is formed as a heavy oil that solidifies on cooling. It crystallizes as long, dehquescent needles that melt at 66 °C. Acid ammonium acetate is readily soluble in both water and alcohol. 

Keywords /ram-cinnamic acid, double salt formation, [2+2]photodimerization, truxillic acid, truxinic acid, cyclobutane... 

The Nitrides and Phosphides, Arsenides and Antimonides—Complex Amines and their Salts—Acid Amides—The Cyanides and the Double Cyanides. 

In an actual procedure, the carboxylic acid is reacted with an optically active a-methylbenzylamine to crystallize out the less-soluble salt in the quantities of about 50% of the whole diastereomeric salts. The double decompositions of both salts existing in the precipitate and mother liquor give the dicarboxylic acids of (+) and ( ) 60% ee, respectively. When these partially resolved carboxylic acids are recrystallized from water, the precipitated crystals are almost racemic, and the carboxylic acids of 88% ee remain in water. They can be converted into the corresponding acid anhydrides by the action of acetyl chloride. Acid anhydrides of almost 100% ee can be obtained by the recrystallization from acetone, after recovering the active acids from the mother liquor. Optically pure (+)- and (-)- ra .S -l,2-cyclohcxancdicarboxylic acids can be obtained by the hydrolysis of these anhydrides. 

Some degradation products are either very polar or very nonpolar in nature this may present an issue in chromatography, where they may not be retained or strongly adsorbed on the column, respectively. One may also want to double check the reference standard for its purity, moisture content, and/or salt/ acid-base ratio for calculation. An analytical chemist must remember to explore all possibilities if mass balance issue is observed (either during method development, validation and/or stability testing). 

The conclusion that the degree of hydrolysis and pH of a solution of a salt of double-sided weakness is independent of the concentration is only strictly true if Cbh is equal to Ca and if cb is equal to Cha, as assumed above. This condition is only realized if ka and h are equal, but not otherwise. If the dissociation constants of HA and B are different, so also will be those of the conjugate base and acid, i.e., A and BH+, respectively. The separate hydrolytic reactions... 

The potassium salt of this acid, which is also known as picro-cyaminic acid, is obtained by treating picric acid with solution of potassium cyanide. The ammonium salt obtained from the potassium salt by double decomposition with ammonium chloride was formerly used in dyeing under the name Grenat soluble. It produces reddish-brown shades on wool and silk, but has now entirely disappeared. 

Ceric nitrate, Ce(N03) 4, is not known as a simple salt, but double nitrates of the type Ce(N03)4 2 M N03 are formed with the alkali metals and ammonium. In aqueous solutions these salts are readily hydrolyzed, but they are the most stable ceric salts. The ammonium ceric nitrate is important in the purification of cerium. A series of double nitrates, M (N03)2 Ce(N03)4 8 H2O, is also formed, but they are less stable than the alkali double salts. When ceric hydroxide is evaporated with nitric acid, crystals of the basic salt 2 Ce0H(N03)2 9 H2O are obtained. 

Thorium oxalate, ThfCjOdi 611 0, Is precipitated as a while amorphous powder when oxalic acid is adtled to a solution of n thorium salt. It dissolves readily in solutions of ammonium ourhunate uud ammonium oxalate, but is less Roluble in sulfuric, acid than tho ran earth oxalates and is insoluble in nitric acid. Double alkali oxalates, acid oxalates, and mixed salts have been prepared. 

Uranyl sulfate, UO2SO4 3 H20, is prepared by the crystallization of a solution of uranyl hydroxide in dilute sulfuric acid or by heating uranyl nitrate with sulfuric acid. It forms yellow-green crystals, which under the microscope show a beautiful fluorescence. On exposure to air they loose water slowly, and at 115° a monohydrate is formed while at 175° the anhydrous salt is produced. Both acid salts and double alkali sulfates are formed. 

Discussion The comparative insolubility of boric acid in cold water makes it possible to prepare the acid from one of its soluble salts by double decomposition with another acid. 

Discussion When an insoluble salt is treated with an acid, double decomposition may or may not take place depending upon the solubilities of the original salt and of that which may be formed, and upon the relative degrees of ionization and of solubility of the acid added and of the acid produced. For example, if the salt AB is treated with the acid HD, the reaction expressed by the equation... 

Simple ions and molecule dispersants are most mainly used in aqueous suspensions. They are inorganic compounds, including salts, acids, and bases, which are also known as electrolytes. Selective adsorption of one type of ions onto the particle surface coupled with the formation of a diffuse layer of the counterions, i.e., ions with opposite charge, provides electrostatic stabilization, due to the repulsion between the double layers. The stability of the suspensions is influenced through control the repulsion force between the particles, by the valence and radius of the counterions. According to the Schulze-Hardy mle, the higher the valence of the counterions, the more effective they will be, while for ions with the same valence, the smaller the ions the more effective the dispersants are. 

By ammoniating mixtures of sulfuric and nitric acid or by combining their ammonium salts in special ways, it is possible to produce compounds containing both ammo-niacal and nitrate nitrogen in the form of true double salts. Three double salts have been identified ... 

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