Salmonid fish

Varanasi, U., D.J. Gmur, and M.M. Krahn. 1980. Metabolism and subsequent binding of benzo[a]pyrene to DNA in pleuronectid and salmonid fish. Pages 455-470 in A. Bjorseth and A.J. Dennis (eds.). Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Chemistry and Biological Effects. Battelle Press, Columbus, OH. 

Salmonid fish have become a classical example of organisms highly susceptible to chemical carcinogens (18). The incidence of tumors in salmonid and other species of fish has been extensively documented (18, h9, 50, 5l) with Wood and Larson reporting the most alarming 50% occurrence of gross tumors among 250,000 adult rainbow trout (52). 

Brown, G. E. and Brown, J. A. (1993). Social dynamics in salmonid fishes do kin make better neighbours Animal Behaviour45,863-871. 

Dpving, K., Selset, B., and Thommsen, R. (1980). Olfactory sensitivity to bile acids in salmonid fishes. ActaPhysiologicaScandinavica 108,123-131. 

Hirvonen, H., Ranta E., Piironen, J., Laurila, A., and Peuhkuri, N. (2000). Behavioral responses of naive Arctic chart young to chemical cues from salmonid and non-salmonid fish. Oikos 88,191-199. 

C. Sato, K. Kitajima, I. Tazawa, Y. Inoue, S. Inoue, and F. A. Troy, Structural diversity in the a-2—>8-linked polysialic acid chains in salmonid fish egg glycoproteins, J. Biol. Chem. 268 23675 (1993). 

Cunningham, C.O., Collins, C.M., Malmberg, C. and Mo, T.A. (2003) Analysis of ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer (ICS) sequences in species and populations of Gyrodactylus (Platyhelminthes Monogenea) from salmonid fish in northern Europe. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 57, 237-246. 

Cunningham, C.O., McGillivray, D.M., Mackenzie, K. and Melvin, W.T. (1995c) Identification of Gyrodactylus (Monogenea) species parasitizing salmonid fish using DNA probes. Journal of Fish Diseases 18, 539-544. 

Cho, C.Y., Stinger, S.J. and Bayley, H.S. (1982). Bioenergetics of salmonid fishes energy intake, expenditure and productivity. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 73B, 25-41. 

Wilder, J.B. and Stanley, J.G. (1983). RNA-DNA ratio as an index to growth in salmonid fishes in the laboratory and in a stream contaminated by carbamyl. Journal of Fish Biology 22,165-172. 

Requiring low-sample volume micro-scale tests for its cost-effective application, the PEEP index has thus far employed bioassays with bacteria, algae and microinvertebrates. While well-standardized toxicity tests using freshwater fish existed at the time of the PEEP s conception in the early 1990 s (e.g., the Environment Canada fingerling rainbow trout 96-h lethality test to assess industrial wastewaters), they were excluded because of their large sample volume needs (e.g., close to 400 L of effluent sample required to undertake a multiple dilution 96-h LC50 bioassay in the case of the trout test). In addition to effluent sample volume, the cost of carrying out salmonid fish acute lethality bioassays for the 50 priority industrial effluents identified under SLAP I (the first 1988-93 Saint-Lawrence River Action Plan) was prohibitive. 

Environment Canada. (1998) Biological Test Method Toxicity Tests Using Early Life Stages of Salmonid Fish (Rainbow Trout), Environmental Protection, Conservation and Protection,... 

As spawning salmonid fishes die in headwaters of streams, the resulting decay products released into the water, became useful nutrients to ecosystems. Dy and Sm were perfused into the tissues of 4-5 kg salmon gairdnerii and these served as analogues of nutrients. These were then released into a stream with fish decay products over several months. The... 

Clostridium symbiosum Salmonid fish eggs Salmonid fish eggs Bacillus stearothermophilus Nematodes... 

Environment Canada. 1992b. Biological test method Toxicity test using early life stages of salmonid fish (rainbow trout, coho salmon, or Atlantic salmon). Environment Canada, Environmental Protection, Conservation and Protection. Environmental Protection Series Report Reference method EC-EPS l/RM/28, Ottawa, Canada. 

Zafarullah, M., P.E. Olsson and L. Gedamu. Endogenous and heavy metal ion induced metallothionein gene expression in Salmonid fish tissues and cell lines. Gene 83 85-93, 1989. 

Allendorf, F.W. and G.H. Thorgaard. Tetraploidy and the evolution of salmonid fishes. In Evolutionary Genetics of Fishes, edited by B.J. Turner, New York, Plenum Press, pp. 1-53, 1984. 

Inaba, K., Y. Akazome and M. Morisawa. Purification of proteasomes from salmonid fish sperm and their localization along sperm flagella. J. Cell Sci. 104 907-915, 1993. 

L. G. Willoughby (1989). Continued defense of salmonid fish against Saprolegnia fungus after its establishment, J. Fish. Dis., 12, 63-67. 

Fig. 1. Structures of the five distinct types of carbohydrate units of salmonid fish egg PSGP. NeuSAcyl indicates Neu5Ac and/or NeuSGc. R = Kdn(a2-[8Neu5Acyl(a2-)] .

Fig. 2. Amino acid sequences of L-PSGPs isolated from fertilized eggs of salmonid fish species where indicates the 0-glycosylation sites. H-PSGPs isolated from unfertilized eggs are polymerized forms of L-PSGP.

Mucin-type glycoproteins found in the vitelline envelope and ovarian fluid of salmonid fish... 

Fig. 5. Structures of (a) Kdn-containing O- and N-linked glycan chains (b) NeuSGc-containing 0-glycan chains of Kdn-gp and Sia-gp isolated from the vitelline envelope of salmonid fish species.

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