Salmonella cell lines

Baumler, A. J., Tsolis, R. M., and Heffron, F. (1996b). Contribution of flmbrial operons to attachment to and invasion of epithelial cell lines by Salmonella typhimurium. Infect. Immun. 64,1862-1865. 

Genotoxicity studies with A-hydroxyacetamide, a possible metabolite of acetamide, have shown that this agent is weakly mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium and induces DNA damage in a rat hepatoma cell line. However, it did not bind covalently to DNA in vitro and did not induce morphological transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells in vitro or inhibit gap-junctional intercellular communication in Chinese hamster lung V79 cells. 

Bromodichloromethane induced gene mutations in most studies with bacteria, which included various Salmonella typhimurium strains and Escherichia coli PQ 37 (SOS chromotest). Gene mutations were obtained with mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells in the presence of an exogenous metabolic system in one study. Sister chromatid exchanges were observed in rat erythroblastic leukaemia cells and human lymphocytes in vitro but not in a Chinese hamster cell line in vitro. 

Chlorodifluoromethane is mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium but it did not induce either mutation or gene conversion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Chlorodifluoromethane did not induce mutations at the hprt locus or imscheduled DNA synthesis in mammalian cell lines in the presence or absence of an exogenous metabolic activation system. In vivo, it did not induce chromosomal aberrations in bone-marrow cells or dominant lethal effects (lARC, 1987b). These conclusions are supported by a more recent review (WHO, 1991). 

Three guaiane sesquiterpenes, the ester (4.13), lactaroviolin (4.3), and deterrol (4.7) showed a weak mutagenic activity in the Ames Salmonella assay (137). In addition, deterrol (4.7) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity towards Ehrlich ascitic tumor cells (EGA cells) and weak toxicity towards L1210 cells (lymphocytic leukaemia mouse) (137). Lactaroviolin (4.3) showed a weak inhibitory effect towards EGA cells, while the ester 4.13 did not impair either cell line at 50 Xg/ml (137). The Swedish authors pointed out that the greater toxicity of deterrol than of lactaroviolin was rather... 

Chlorobenzene was not mutagenic in several bacterial strains of Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli and was negative in rat hepatic DNA repair assays however, it was weakly positive in a mouse micronucleus assay. Chlorobenzene induced transformation in Fischer 344 adult rat liver cell lines, but was not genotoxic to hepatocytes. In addition, it did not induce DNA repair in the rat he-patocyte primary culture DNA repair assay. 

Figure 10.1. Correlation data for the sensitivity and specificity for single in vitro genotoxicity assays and assay combinations. Ames, Salmonella reverse mutation test introduced by B. Ames MLA, tk assay using the L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell line Cab, chromosome aberration test with different mammalian cell types MN, in vitro micronucleus assay with different mammalian cell types. [Data according to Kirkland et al. (2005a).]...

In an in vitro model epithehal cells (T 84 cell line) were combined with myofibroblast cells (CDD-18 Co cell line) in a coculture. SCFAs as they appear in the feces of breastfed infants were used. These SCFAs stimulated mucin 2 production and improved the barrier integrity (62). The effect of SCFA on growth of pathogens like Escherichia coli (ETEC), Enterococcus faecalis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus as well as of commensals has been studied in vitro at pH 7.5 (typical fecal pH in formula-fed infants) and at pH... 

Trp-P-2 and IQ have been evaluated in a repair-deficient Chinese hamster cell forward mutation system (Thompson et al., 1983). Trp-P-2 was very potent for producing mutations at both the hprt and aprt loci in both the repair competent AA8 cell line and the repair incompetent UV-5 line (see figure 1). In contrast to these results, IQ was quite weak. Equivalent mutation and toxicity effects were seen only at doses of IQ that were 70-100 fold higher than used for Trp-P-2. With IQ, toxicity differences were seen between the repair proficient and deficient strains. These results indicate that some of the damage leading to toxicity produced by IQ is not repairable by the excision repair pathway. Also, only the repair deficient strain showed a mutagenic response. Thus, in contrast to Salmonella, the CHO cells are much more responsive to Trp-P-2 than to IQ. 

Several Amadori products, notably those containing aromatic amino acid residues, have been found to behave as direct-acting mutagens in Salmonella typhimurium his strains [52] (i.e., in the Ames test), and some (e.g., nitrosated fructose-tryptophan and fructose-serotonin compounds) are known to induce DNA repair synthesis in cells of the human HeLa S3 cell line [53]. 

Tissue culture or mammalian cell culture has also been used with some success for compound activation. In our laboratories preliminary data has been obtained indicating that nitrosomor-pholine can be activated to a mutagen of Salmonella typhimurium by primary rat liver cell lines. Such procedures have now become the basis for cell-mediated assays, as described by Langenbach et al. ... 

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