Salix

Sahcyl alcohol [90-01-7] (saligenin, o-hydroxybenzyl alcohol) crystallizes from water in the form of needles or white rhombic crystals. It occurs in nature as the bitter glycoside, saUcin [138-52-3] which is isolated from the bark of Salix helix S. pentandra S. praecos some other species of willow trees, and the bark of a number of species of poplar trees such as Folpulus balsamifera P. candicans and P. nigra. 

No drugs have been a more faithful companion to man throughout his history than salicylates, the forebears of aspirin. About 3,500 years ago the Ebers Papyrus recommended the application of a decoction of leaves of myrtle to the abdomen and back to get rid of rheumatic pains. Hippocrates championed the juices of the poplar tree and willow bark to treat fever and labor pains. These plants and trees are abimdant in compounds derived from salicylic acid, which gets its name from them (in Latin salix is a willow tree). For thousands of years on all continents they have helped to... 

Acyclic diterpene-a-lactones Salix matsudan SiOj Hx + McjCO Hx + CHCI3 + UV Isolation 57 fD 0... 

Yu, XZ, Gu J-D (2007b) Accumulation and distribution of trivalent chromium and effects on hybrid willow (Salix matsudana Koidz x alba L.) metabolism. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 52 503-511... 

The alcohol saligemn C6H4[Pg.251]

Willows are several species of the Salix genus. Salix nigra is the American willow. It is a tree growing 6 to 18 meters in height with gray bark. The leaves are small and lanceolate. Its flowers are yellow or green, depending on the sex of the tree. The medicinal part of the tree used is its bark. 

Salix species contain several glycosides and esters yielding salicylic acid, including salicin (0.1-2%), salicortin (0.01-11%), and other salicylin derivatives (Gruenwald et al. 1998). Also contained in Salix species are tannins and flavonoids. 

The use of natural products as medicine has invoked the isolation of active compounds the first commercial pure natural product introduced for therapeutic use is generally considered to be the narcotic morphine (1), marketed by Merck in 1826, and the first semi-synthetic pure dmg aspirin (2), based on a natural product salicin (3) isolated from Salix alba, was introduced by Bayer in 1899. This success subsequently led to the isolation of early dmgs such as cocaine, codeine, digitoxin (4), quinine (5), and pilocarpine (6), of which some are still in use. ... 

Traditionally, lead compounds have been discovered in one of two ways. The hrst is one of trial and error. This is the way many plant and animal products and minerals have been found to be effective in the treatment of some medical disorder. For example, no one knows when the hrst person learned that chewing on the bark of the willow tree [Salix alba) helped relieve pain and reduce fever, but willow bark has been used in many cultures for untold centuries for just that purpose. Today we know that the active ingredient in willow bark is a derivative of salicylic acid (CgH4(OH)COOH), which today is sold commercially as aspirin or one of its analogs. Drug researchers continue to rely heavily on the study of folk medicines—a science known as ethnopharmacology—for the discovery of new plant and animal products that may have medical applications in the modern world. Indeed, scientists have discovered that the medical... 

Opossum Didelphis sp. groenlandicum Salix sp. Salicin derivatives (phenolic glycosides)... 

Palo, R. T. (1984). Distribution of birch Betula spp.), willow [Salix spp.) and poplar Popu-lus spp.) secondaiy metabolites and their potential role as chemical defense against herbivores. Journal of ChemicalEcobgy 10,499-520. 

Fagus sylvatica Melia azedarach Paullina paullinioides Salix spp. 

In certain instances, however, factors other than the cell wall polymers of the phellem may be important in the protection provided by the secondary surface. Rosellinia desmazieresii inoculated in a food base onto the underground stems of a resistant Salix repens hybrid (5. x Friesiana) exhibited greatly reduced epiphytic growth and cord formation compared with inoculations onto susceptible S. repens itself. Attempted penetration was not observed on the resistant hybrid (30). This behaviour suggests that diffusible chemical inhibitors at the stem surface may be important in resistance to this pathogen, which has a demonstrated ability to degrade suberin and penetrate the surface periderm (30). 

Aspirin Salicylate Analgesic, anti-inflammatory Salix alba (white willow tree) and Filipendula ulmaria (meadowsweet)... 

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