Salix species

Salix species contain several glycosides and esters yielding salicylic acid, including salicin (0.1-2%), salicortin (0.01-11%), and other salicylin derivatives (Gruenwald et al. 1998). Also contained in Salix species are tannins and flavonoids. 

SAM-dependent methylation of salicylic acid. The salicyl alcohol derivative salicin, found in many species of willow (Salix species Salicaceae), is not derived from salicylic acid, but probably via glucosylation of salicylaldehyde and then reduction of the carbonyl (Figure 4.27). Salicin is responsible for the analgesic and antipyretic effects of willow barks, widely used for centuries, and the template for synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) (Figure 4.27) as a more effective analogue. 

Salix species (wiiiow) Saiicaceae (wiiiow) Bead tree Azadirachta indica... 

Laurel Laurus nobilis Willow Salix species... 

In some lignins, 5-10% of the units are esterihed examples includep-hydroxybenzoate esters in lignins from Salix species (56) [69,108] and p-coumarate esters in grass lignins (57) [109-111]. The y-positions in lignin are the ones that primarily are esterified [110]. 

SalLcin, a (2-hydroxyraethyl)-phenyl-P-D-glucQpyranoside, and its derivatives fragiiin, saiicortin, 2 -0-acetylsaiicortin, tremulacin and salirepttside are major constiiuenls of various Salix species. Salicin, saiicortin and tremulacin are also present in buds of Populus tremula L. 

Salicis cortex Wiilow bark from various Salix species Salicaceae MD... 

Salicylates are phenolic acids derived from salicylic acid, and include salicin (in Salix species), populin (in Populus... 

CgHioOj, Mr 150.18, mp. 124°C. Widely distributed as the (4-hyi-oxycinnamyl)-j8-D-glucopyranoside tri-andrin, CijHjoO, Mr 312.32, mp. 177-179°C, [a] -60.5° (HjO), in Salix species (willow and poplar). The lignin from monocotyledones contains coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol units as well as H. monomers as building blocks. 

Microstructure and chemical composition of the leaf cuticular waxes in two Salix species and their hybrid. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanka, Vol.50, No.2, pp. 49-54, ISSN 0001-5296... 

The glycosides of salicyl and gentisyl alcohols in Salix spp. and Populus spp., genera of the Salicaceae family, have been extensively studied by Pearl et al. (124-130) and Thieme et al. (168-171) (see summary and references in ref. 123). Salicin (14), the glucoside of salicyl alcohol, occurs characteristically in this family of plants. This compound is found in the bark of all species in the family, but often in small amounts. Another characteristic compound of the many salicin-related compounds occurring in most Salix species is salicortin (15), in which the... 

The procyanidins are broadly distributed in the leaves, fruit, bark, and less commonly the wood of a wide spectrum of plants (Sect. 7.7). About 50 procyanidins ranging from dimers to pentamers have now been isolated and their structures defined. The 2/ ,3/ -(2,3-c/5 )-procyanidins linked by (4)8- 8)- and/or (4)8- 6)-inter-flavanoid bonds occur most frequently. Many plants contain mixtures of 2R,3R-(2,3-cis) and 2R,3S-(2,3-trans) procyanidins but the compounds of the former stereochemistry normally predominate. The distribution of these compounds in commercially important woody plants has been extended continually from the early work of Porter (300) on Pinus radiata bark through the survey of Pinaceae by Samejima (329) to the recent isolation of dimers from the bark of Juniperus communis (94). The plants that contain predominantly 2R,3S- 2,3-trans) compounds are, so far, restricted to few plant genera, including fruits of Ribes species or the catechins of Salix species. All 2,3-cis procyanidins have [4-)8]-interflavanoid bonds (i.e., 3,4-/wa25 configuration). Most natural 2y3-trans procyanidins isolated to date have [4-a]-interflavanoid bonds (i.e. also 3 A-trans but opposite configuration). However, Delcour et al. (68) and Kolodziej (210, 211) have recently ob-... 

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