Safety laboratory equipment

The thermal risks of a synthesis step with an exothermal bimolecular reaction (A + B —> P) must be assessed. For this, the required thermal data have to be determined in a safety laboratory equipped with a reaction calorimeter and a DSC. 

Radioactivity associated with Re can be detected only by using sophisticated laboratory equipment because of the low energy of the emitted P-particles. This radioactivity poses no health or safety ha2atds. Samples of the metal and its compounds ate not labeled as radioactive, and typical precautions associated with radioactive materials ate not taken during use and handling of the element or its compounds. 

Chemical spills in the laboratory may be hazardous, damaging to flooring and furniture finishes, or simply messy to clean up. Laboratory equipment houses and distributors of safety equipment carry a variety of clean-up kits made for specific types of spills, depending on the types of chemicals handled. Generally, the kits contain absorbents or neutralizers, or a combination of the two, plus instructions for use. Kits should be stored as close as possible to where spills are likely to occur and not in a remote storeroom. Instructions must be kept with the kits, not in a file cabinet. Quick action in case of a spill is important in reducing both hazards and damage. 

Most of the forementioned studies which examined the influence of various dietary fiber on the bioavailability of calcium by human subjects have depended upon the comparative measurements of calcium content of diets and calcium contents of stools and urine. As reviewed by Allen (3), calcium balance studies have distinct limitations relative to accuracy and precision. However, their ease of application and cost, laboratory equipment requirements, and real (or perceived) safety in comparison to available radioactive or stable isotope methods continue to make their use popular. In calcium balance studies, calcium absorption is assumed to be the difference between calcium excretion in the feces and calcium intake. Usually this is expressed as a percent of the calcium intake. This method assumes that all fecal calcium loss is unabsorbed dietary calcium which is, of course, untrue since appreciable amounts of calcium from the body are lost via the intestinal route through the biliary tract. Hence, calcium absorption by this method may underestimate absorption of dietary calcium but is useful for comparative purposes. It has been estimated that bile salts may contribute about 100 g calcium/day to the intestinal calcium contents. Bile salt calcium has been found to be more efficiently absorbed through the intestinal mucosa than is dietary calcium (20) but less so by other investigators (21). 

Na (aq) -I- Cl (aq) - - H20(f) Assume that you have a coffee-cup calorimeter, solid NaOH, 1.00 mol/L HCl(aq), 1.00 mol/L NaOH(aq), and standard laboratory equipment. Write a step-by-step procedure for the investigation. Then outline a plan for analyzing your data. Be sure to include appropriate safety precautions. If time permits, obtain your teacher s approval and carry out the investigation. 

Laboratory Equipment and Test Procedures for Evaluating Explosibility of Dusts , USBurMines Rl 5624(1960), 21 pp 18) E.L. Lichfield, "Minimum Ignition -Energy Concept and Its Application to Safety Engineering , USBurMines Rl 5671(1960),... 

The book will be valuable for readers needing to understand the theory and proper using, cleaning, and storing methods of laboratory equipment. Safety issues are thoroughly covered. The book is a useful how-to-use reference for students, novices, and experienced laboratory personnel. ... 

Some general precautions are avoidance of continuous exposure, practice of electrical safety and equipping entry doors to the laboratory with electronic interlocks in order to shut off the field-generating equipment upon entry. 

To ensure that your school lab is a safe place, here are some basic safety rules about laboratory equipment and hazard warning symbols. 

In summary, we determined through simple thermodynamic calculations that a potential safety problem did exist, and how to diminish this problem by the addition of excess sulfuric acid. We investigated the exothermic behavior of the revised nitration using common laboratory equipment, and found that an exotherm did occur initiating at 100°C. We determined the adiabatic temperature rise to be less than 20°C which would insure that the nitration reaction, properly batched, would not approach a temperature of exothermic activity. Finally, we explained the reason for the thermal instability of the original procedure. 

Safety procedures in chemical process facility. Partial contents introduction to corporate safety, laboratory safety and inspections, process area safety features and procedures, DIERs and VSP, dust and vapor explosion apparatus, personal protective equipment, process area inspections, and informal and formal safety reviews. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1989. 

As far as disposal of materials is concerned, the environmental effects of materials are handled in a similar way to product safety. The environmental fate of chemicals must satisfy certain criteria for their use to be desirable or even legal. For organic materials, one of the most important parameters is the fate of a material in a typical sewage treatment plant. The ease with which sewage bacteria will convert the material to carbon dioxide and water can be measured in laboratory equipment which replicates the first stage of sewage treatment and this... 

MSDS (2005) Material Safety Data Sheet for Ferrous Gluconate, Section 10, Chemicals and Laboratory Equipment, Texas, pp. 1-6. 

Coyne, G.S. (1997) The Laboratory Companion A Practical Guide to Materials, Equipment, and Technique, Wiley, New York. Useful guide to the proper use of laboratory equipment such as vacuum pumps and compressed gases. Also gives relevant safety information. 

Ideally an alternative test for toxic chemicals would be inexpensive. It would not require any specialized equipment, only equipment normally found in a laboratory should be required. The test should not require that the personnel be specially trained in the techniques. It should involve only the procedures that any laboratory worker would know. It should be the sort of test that any laboratory with a tangential interest in toxicology could carry out. Water quality laboratories, industrial safety laboratories, agricultural research laboratories, should be able to carry out the procedure. Small samples should be tested. Tests with fish often involve quite large volumes of toxic chemicals and this can limit their utility. This has been diseussed in detail by Blaise (1991). 

Safety shields should be used for protection against possible explosions or splash hazards. Laboratory equipment should be shielded on all sides so that there is no line-of-sight exposure of personnel. The front sashes of conventional laboratory exhaust hoods can provide shielding. However, a portable shield should also be used when manipulations are performed, particularly with hoods that have vertical-rising doors rather than horizontal-sliding sashes. 

Clearly, your efforts in deaiing with electrical safety in the laboratory must focus on prevention. You must always seek to keep out of electricity s path. So let s talk about how you can get into the path from laboratory equipment or apparatus. 

Procedures useful in the diagnosis of irritant occupational airborne contact dermatitis. Some procedures are available that permit one to evaluate the potential accountability of some offending agents for provoking airborne irritancy of the skin. This approach cannot be achieved without the collaboration of occupational physicians and/or safety officers. It also requires laboratory equipment and dermatological expertise in the field. 

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