Safety aspects environmental hazards

As with the case of mass, there are several approaches to metrics for this aspect. One can simply sum numbers and/or mass of chemicals possessing hazards in different areas for example, process safety, occupational exposure, or environmental hazard. Typically, most companies will use a banding approach for materials that allows a quick identification of the hazard category, and usually marries hazard with a suggested control approach for example, layers of protection, pressure relief valves, and so on. One is then able to rapidly identify issues and potential opportunities for elimination, substitution, or control. 

Whether voluntarily or not, as companies phase out chemicals of concern, they are subsequently faced with the challenging task of finding alternative chemicals or processes to serve the same desired functions. Simply because a chemical is not a known hazard does not make it benign. To avoid going from the frying pan to the fire so to speak, it is necessary to assess and compare alternatives. In this section we describe several tools and approaches for assessing the human and environmental health and safety aspects of chemicals. They include ... 

Safety aspects, 621, 625, 744-9, 751-5 environmental hazards, 747, 751-3 occupational hazards, 747-9 regulatory agencies, 745 transportation, 745-6, 751-3 Safety phrases, 621, 748, 749 Safflower oil... 

Safety and environmental aspects (runaways, hazardous materials, selectivity)... 

Hazardous substances—Safety measures. 2. Hazardous substances—Environmental aspects. 3. Chemical industries—Safety measures I. American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Center for Chemical Process Safety. 

Lots to think about here. Alternative fuels and their availability, the pollution resultingfrom conventional fuels against the hazards of nuclear power. The safety aspects of nuclear fusion are discussed in Environmental Physics, byE. Boeterand R. van Grondelle, John Wiley. 1995. 

Health and Safety, Environmental Pollution and the Paint Industry, L. A. O Neill (Paint Research Association). Brief review on legal aspects and hazards. 

Coal mining has always been, and remains, a dangerous occupation. Mine atmospheres are hazardous in terms of the health and safety of miners and, although technological advancements and legislation have led to improvement in the environmental and safety aspects in mines, pollutants are still produced at significant levels from coal excavation in both surface and underground mines. 

This guidance applies only to the loss of secondary containment from bunds containing tanks within the scope (the COMAFI CA Containment Policy has a wider scope). At installations where bunds contain tanks within scope, operators should assess the requirement tor tertiary containment, on the basis of environmental risk, and to make site action plans tor improvement. Provision of tertiary containment should also take into account safety aspects - for example the flows and accumulations of hazardous liquids on and around a site. 

The OPCW Health and Safety Office will give attention not only to chemical hazards, but to any hazard which a working environment may present to OPCW persoimel. The dangers of explosives in working areas, including unexploded ordnance, may be a particular hazard to OPCW personnel, and must receive attention in the health and safety plan for any activity. Attention will also be given to aspects such as radiation, noise, dust, mechanical, electrical and environmental hazards, the use of pressure vessels and lasers, etc. 

In recognition of the importance which reactor safety has assumed, both within the nuclear industry and with the public at large, the remainder of the book is devoted to a study of the safety and environmental aspects of nuclear reactors. After a discussion of the biological effects of radiation, the potential hazards from both routine operation and accidents at nuclear power plants are evaluated in the light of the most recent studies. These are illustrated by reference to incidents such as that at the Three Mile Island reactor. Other... 

Reactive Chemicals Exposure. The hazards associated with exposure to reactive chemicals vary with the chemicals produced. The multitude of chemicals produced electrochemically precludes a detailed discussion of these hazards. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are available from suppliers. Anyone contemplating the production of a chemical must become thoroughly familiar with all safety, health, and environmental aspects of such production. 

Throughout the design of a chemical plant, issues relating to safety, economics and environmental impact must be considered. By doing so, the risks associated with the plant can be minimised before actual construction. The same principle applies whatever the scale of the process. The field of process control (Chapter 8) considers all these issues and is, indeed, informed by the type of hazard analyses described in Chapter 10. The objectives of an effective control system are the safe and economic operation of a process plant within the constraints of environmental regulations, stakeholder requirements and what is physically possible. Processes require control in the first place because they are dynamic systems, so the concepts covered in the earlier chapters of this book are central to process control (i.e. control models are based on mass, energy and momentum balances derived with respect to time). Chapter 8 focuses on the key aspects of control systems. 

Plan - Identify and evaluate environmental, health, safety, security, distribution, product, and process aspects and impacts, or hazards and risks. Establish goals, objectives, and targets and programs to meet them. 

---