Safely flash point

The most dangerous solvent in the laboratory is carbon disulphide, the flash-point of which is so low that its vapour is ignited, e.g., by a gas-ring 3 4 minutes after the gas has been turned out. CarlK>n disulphide should therefore never be used in the laboratory unless an adequate substitute as a solvent cannot be found. Probably the next most dangerous liquid for general manipulation is ether, which, however, has frequently to be employed. If the precautions described on pp. 79, 163, are always followed, the manipulation of ether should however quite safe. 

Acetone can be handled safely if common sense precautions are taken. It should be used in a weU-ventilated area, and because of its low flash point, ignition sources should be absent. Flame will travel from an ignition source along vapor flows on floors or bench tops to the point of use. Sinks should be rinsed with water while acetone is being used to clean glassware, to prevent the accumulation of vapors. If prolonged or repeated skin contact with acetone could occur, impermeable protective equipment such as gloves and aprons should be worn. 

Plasticizer esters are relatively iaert, thermally stable Hquids with high flash points and low volatihty. Consequently they can be stored safely ia mild steel storage tanks or dmms for extended periods of time. Exposure to high temperatures for extended periods, as encountered ia dmms ia hot climates, is not recommended since it may lead to a deterioration in product quaUty with respect to color, odor, and electrical resistance. 

Tables 16 and 17 Hst tke analytical test methods for different properties of interest. The Manufacturing Chemists Association, Inc. (MCA) has pubUshed the Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD 63, which describes in detail procedures for safe handling of use of toluene (46). The Interstate Commerce Commission classifies toluene as a flammable Hquid. Accordingly, it must be packaged in authorized containers, and shipping must comply with ICC regulations. Properties related to safe handling are autoignition temperature, 536°C explosive limits, 1.27—7.0 vol % in air and flash point 4.4°C, closed cup.

Flash points, lower and upper flammability limits, and autoignition temperatures are the three properties used to indicate safe operating limits of temperature when processing organic materials. Prediction methods are somewhat erratic, but, together with comparisons with reliable experimental values for families or similar compounds, they are valuable in setting a conservative value for each of the properties. The DIPPR compilation includes evaluated values for over 1000 common organics. Detailed examples of most of the methods discussed are available in Danner and Daubert."... 

The flash point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid or within the vessel used. ASTM test methods include procedures using a closed cup (ASTM D56, ASTM DOS, and ASTM D3828), which is preferred, and an open cup (ASTM D92 and ASTM D1310). When several values are available, the lowest temperature is usually taken in order to assure safe operation of the process. 

Important liquid fuel properties for a gas turbine are shown in Table 12-5. The flash point is the temperature at which vapors begin combustion. The flash point is the maximum temperature at which a fuel can be handled safely. 

Fire Hazards - Flash Point (deg. F) 2Q OC Flammable Limits in Air (%) 1.5 - 18.3 Fire Extinguishing Agents Dry chemical, alcohol foam, carbon dioxide Fire Extinguishing Agents Not To Be Used Water may be ineffective Special Hazards of Combustion Products No data Behavior in Fire Containers may explode in fires. Apply water to cool containers from a safe distance Ignition Temperature (deg. F) 959 Electrical Hazard No data Burning Rate No data. 

The aniline clo d point is a measure of the paraffinicity of a fuel oil. A high value denotes a highly paraffinic oil while a low value indicates an aromatic, a naphthenic, or a highly cracked oil. The flash point represents the temperature to which a liquid fuel can be heated before a flash appears on its surface upon exposure to a test flame under specified conditions. A knowledge of the flash point is needed to ensure safe handling and storage without fire hazards. 

Amino,2-methyl,1-propanol (AMP), also known as Isobutanolamine (IBA), (CH3)2CNH2CH2OH, MW = 89. Available as a 95% solution (AMP-95 ) from Angus Chemical Company. Sp. gr. = 0.942. Flash point = 87 °C/188 °F (PMCC). Boiling point = 329 °F. Suitable for short to medium steam-condensate pipe runs provided the operating pressure is at least 75 psig. A safe replacement for morpholine. Reasonable thermal stability. 

From the viewpoint of safety, information about the flash point is of most significance at or slightly above the maximum temperatures [30 to 60°C (86 to 140°F)] that may be encountered in storage, transportation, and use of liquid petroleum products, in either closed or open containers. In this temperature range the relative fire and explosion hazard can be estimated from the flash point. For products with flash points below 40°C (104°F), special precautions are necessary for safe handling. Flash points above 60°C (140°F) gradually lose their safety significance until they become indirect measures of some other quality. 

Methyl arid ethyl acrylates are toxic enough to require a hazardous shipping label, bur butyl-, isobutyl-, and 2-ethyl hexyl-acrylates have high enough flash points to be considered safe. 

Ignites easily and safely The flash point, initial boiling point, and viscosity values affect ignitability. If the values are too high, the fuel may not ignite readily. 

The high flash point, good storage stability, and potential energy value make residual fuel a relatively safe and economical energy source. 

The flash point, vapor pressure, and autoignition temperature values provide important information about the volatility of fuels and solvents. Likewise, the UN number, hazard class, and safety profile information of products provide information about the safe shipping and handling of fuels, oils, and solvents. 

Flash point, -90°C explosive limits, 0.9-98% auto-ignition temperature, 38-52°C (lowered by moisture).2 Extinguish from a safe distance with water or liquid nitrogen. Do not use halocarbons.3... 

Material is relatively safe, but moderate heat can create large quantities of extremely toxic gases. Flash point 0° F... 

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