Saccharomyces cerevisiae, application

Chang, Y.I. and Chang, P.-K. The role of hydration force on the stability of the suspension of Saccharomyces cerevisiae — application of the extended DLVO theory. Colloids Surfaces A, 211, 67, 2002. 

Iwaki A et al (2013) Vanillin inhibits translation and induces messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) granule formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae application and validation of high-content, image-based profiling. PLoS One 8 e61748... 

Pectinases find industrial application in the food-industry during the extraction and stabilization of juices. Grape must contains pectins that are frequently removed by the action of fungal pectinases. It would, however, be preferable to use Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains that could produce pectinases. 

Murata, K., Fukuda, Y., Shimosaka, M., Watanabe, K., Saikusa, T., and Kimura, A., Phenotype character of the methylglyoxal resistance gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Expression in Escherichia coli and application to breeding wild-type yeast strains, Appl Environ Microbiol, 50 (5), 1200-1207,1985. 

Co-for-Zn substitution in alcohol dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed a 100-fold increase in activity and a higher resistance of the modified protein to the inhibitory action of other divalent transition metals,1208 making the Co-modified enzyme suitable for biotechnological applications. 

Despite the higher selectivity of enzymatic methyl transfer over chemical methylation, where toxic or hazardous reagents are often employed, such as methyl sulfonate and diazomethane, the synthetic applications of these enzymes have been largely ignored primarily as a result of high costs associated with the cofactor SAM. Recent efforts have been directed to in vivo methylation, where SAM may be regenerated inside cells. For example, methyl benzoate production was engineered in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in vivo... 

A trivial yet important application is following ethanol production via a bioprocess. Sivakesava et al.1 simultaneously measured glucose, ethanol, and the optical cell density of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during ethanol fermentation, using an off-line approach. Samples were brought to an instrument located near the fermentation tanks and the measurements made in short order. While they eventually used MIR due to the interfering scatter of the media, they proved that Raman could be used for this application. 

In reviews on the use of in situ sensors" or optical sensor systems" for bioprocesses, UV-vis does not play a major role. An example for the application of at-line UV-vis spectroscopy was presented by Noui et al. The selective flocculation processes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae homogenates were followed with a newly developed direct UV spectrophotometer. The results from a PLS regression model were in good agreement with those from off-line chemical assays. 

These optical probes are the most universally applicable in situ devices for on-line biomass monitoring up to now [15,16]. Konstaninov et al. [17] tested several absorbance and scattering sensors for real-time biomass concentration monitoring in mammalian cell cultivation processes and Hatch and Veilleux [18] compared optical density probes with oxygen uptake rates, packed cell volume, and off-line cell mass monitoring in commercial fed-batch fermentations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae [19]. In order to minimize influencing effects, special chemometric data treatment is necessary [20]. 

While most appfications were performed in suspended cell cultures some authors showed that the application of NADH-dependent fluorescence monitoring is also possible in immobifized cell systems. Here the growth of Clostridium acetobutylicum and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized in different calcium alginate structures was studied. However, calibration of the culture fluorescence signal with the biomass concentration was not possible but qualitatively an increasing biomass also led to an increase in the fluorescence signals. 

A set of Saccharomyces cerevisiae reductases was screened in collaboration with J. D. Stewart s group (University of Florida). Itwas demonstrated that diketo ester la is accepted as substrate by at least three different NADP(H)-dependent reductases of this microorganism. Application of a cell-free system in preparative batches using enzyme-coupled coenzyme regeneration afforded (R)-2a with more than 99% enantiomeric excess [13]. 

During this period, work was reported concerning the use of Methylocystis sp [9], Pseudomonas putida [10], Saccharomyces cerevisiae [11-13], and Rhodococcus eryth-ropolis cells [14-16] for applications concerning mainly the bio remediation of VOC-containing gaseous pollutants. 

This behaviour is in agreement with data obtained by Grizon [49], who observed a dependence of the ADH activity of whole dehydrated cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae upon pH of the buffer. For practical application it seems also important to suspend cells at the optimal pH for the isolated enzyme. 

In this article, we report the cloning in Escherichia coli and sequencing of an Orpinomyces P-glucosidase cDNA. The enzyme was overexpressed in and secreted from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Physiochemical properties of the secreted enzyme were determined after it was purified. Its applicability for cellulose saccharification was also assessed. 

The earliest example of the semiconductor photocatalysis application as a method of disinfection was published by Matsunaga et al. (1985). This work reveals that Ti02 particles were effective in the inactivation of bacteria, such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Escherichia coli. To date more than 200 studies are related with this subject and at least three reviews were dedicated to photocatalytic disinfection (Blake et al. 1999 Srinivasan and Somasundaram 2003 Carp et al. 2004). Some general conclusions on Ti02 disinfection are reported below and the literature will be discussed more specifically throughout the chapter. 

Hunt, D. F., White, F. M. (2002). Phosphoproteome analysis by mass spectrometry and its application to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nat. Biotechnol. 20, 301-305. 

---