Ruta species

Baumert A, Groger D, Kuzovkina IN, Reisch J (1992) Secondary Metabolites Produced by Callus Cultures of Various Ruta Species. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 28 159... 

Ruta species, and the identification from a Ptelea species of a new group of quinoline alkaloids containing a terminal double bond in the prenyl portion of the molecule. New types of quinoline alkaloids are represented by the... 

Ruta species, is a constituent of R. angustifolia Peers., R. chalepensis L. 

Glycosminine (6) has been isolated from Glycosmis arborea (12,43) and Ruta species (48). The chemistry of this base and its syntheses have close parallels with the other simple substituted quinazolines. The structure was established by Pakrashi et al. (77). Physical data are as follows UV nm (log e)] 225... 

Haddouchi. R. Chaouche, T. M., Zaouali, Y., Ksouri, R., Attou. A., and Benmansour. A. (2013). Chemical composition and antimicrohial activity of the essential oils from four Ruta species growing in Algeria. 

Furanocoumarins from Ruta graveolens possess antifungal activity to several plant pathogenic fungi. 7-Hydroxycoumarin, 4-hydroxycoumarin, and 7-methoxycoumarin were active against Colletotrichum species that cause Anthracnose disease of strawberry. 

Enzyme characteristics have been examined for recombinant C4H proteins from several species, including those from P. crispum, P. vulgaris, Ammi majus, H. tuberosus, and Ruta graveolens Similar values toward cinnamate (2 to 10p,A/) are reported, and consistently high substrate specificity (although the values vary between studies). Only 4-coumarate is found as the in vitro product, with no detectable 2- or 3-coumarate production. ... 

Various studies have also been reported on sesquiterpenoid lactones in Xanthium strumarium and Vemonia species,452,453 diterpenoids of Isodon species,454 and triterpenoids in Lycopodium species.455 Analyses of the carotenoids of Medicago species and of berries from a range of sources reinforce previously held views that the distribution of carotenoids in these sources has no taxonomic significance.456,457 Although most higher plants that have been investigated do not retain the capacity to biosynthesize the normal pattern of terpenoids when in tissue culture, it has been reported that Ruta graveolens did retain this ability.458... 

Acridines (Phe pyridine Phe) include arborinine from Ruta graveolens and other Rutaceae (a spasmolytic and A1 adenosine receptor antagonist) and the pyranoquinoline acronycine (with cytotoxic and antitumour activity) from Acronychia species and Melicope leptococca (Rutaceae) and which has become a useful lead compound for the synthesis of other anticancer compounds. A variety of synthetic acridines are DNA binding anticancer compounds. 

Ruta graveolens (rue) Rutaceae (rue) Barberry Mahonia species... 

Cone flower Echinacea species) Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Lavender (Lavandula species) Rue (Ruta graveokns)... 

Ribalinidine and ribaline were also obtained from Ruta graveolens (53). This species contains the quaternary rutalinium salt (46), corresponding to ribalinidine (43). Rutalinium, the first example of a quaternary salt in the pyranoquinoline series of alkaloids, was converted into the tertiary base en heating in pyridine (53). 

The name Haplophyllum nomen conservandum) has had a confused career. Not only was Aplophyllum preferred at one time, but all species were later referred back to Ruta. The following account of the named species suffers from a further specific confusion which is not in accord with the Index Kewensis. The synonymy is not always that of the Index and is not further explained. It is therefore likely that future work by other chemists will not always confirm the reported results (75). 

A preliminary study of the acridone alkaloids of the roots of Boenninghausenia albiflora resulted in the identification of 1-hydroxy-N-methylacridone (41 R = Me) now the Ruta alkaloid rutacridone (42) (c/. Vol. 8, p. 84) and noracrony-cine (43) have been isolated from this species. Of two new alkaloids obtained from B. albiflora, one was shown to be 1-hydroxyacridone (41 R = H) by methylation to (41 R = Me). The n.m.r. spectrum of the other new alkaloid suggested that it was a dihydroxy-N-methyl-acridone in which ring B contained a 1-hydroxy-group and three adjacent aromatic hydrogen atoms structure (44) was proposed. 

Production By steam distillation from the leaves of the Buchu trees growing in South Africa, which include various species of the genus Barosma (Ruta-ceae), e.g., B. betulina. 

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