Russia concept

A joint Russian and American team of physicists created two new super heavy elements—115 and 113—that provide more support for the island of stability concept. The experiments were conducted between July 14 and August 10 in 2003, but the results of the experiments were not published until February 2004. The experiments were conducted in the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia, and also involved the scientists of the Lawrence Berkely National Laboratory located at Berkeley, California. Only four atoms of two isotopes of ununpentium (element 115) were produced, and the results were published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Following is the nuclear reaction that produced these four atoms ... 

Finally, the concept of aromaticity in heterocyclic chemistry is the subject of an overview by Professor V. I. Minkin and Drs. B. Ya. Simkin and M. N. Glukhovtsev of Rostov State University in Russia. This new review shows just how wide the aromaticity concept has become. The present authors have successfully extended its range to the consideration of numerous very diverse heterocyclic systems. 

T. E. Bearden, Use of regauging and multivalued potentials to achieve overunity EM engines Concepts and specific engine examples, Proc. Int. Sci. Conf. New Ideas in Natural Sciences (St. Petersburg, Russia, June 17-22, 1996) Part I Problems of Modern Physics, 1996, pp. 277-297. 

Soil classification has been oriented to soil properties in recent years, but still is tempered with concepts of soil genesis, with external associations, and with the use of the soil. The first systematic classification was by Dokuchaiev in Russia in 1882, Based upon field and laboratory characteristics, soils were grouped into three categories—normal soils of the dry-land vegetative zones and moors, transitional soils of washed or dry land sediments and abnormal soils. The system involved properties of the soil with external associations of climate and vegetation. Later, an associate (Sibirtsev) renamed the highest classes zonal intrazonal, and azonal. 

The concept of wide application of nuclear hydrogen as an energy carrier in industries, the energy sector, transport and households developed in the early 1970s in Russia and was called nuclear-hydrogen power engineering (Alexandrov, 1974 Kostin, 2005 Legasov, 1976 Mitenkov, 2004 Ponomarev-Stepnoi, 2008 Stolyarevsky, 1988). 

Fundamental concepts of the molecular layering method have been developed and applied by the team headed by Professor Valentine Aleskovsky in Russia. This method, similar to atomic layer epitaxy and atomic layer deposition, has been used to create monolayers on oxides and polymers as humidity sensors, flame retardants, and agents to enhance sintering in ceramic materials. 

The concept of management of non-processible SNF from ship NPU in Russia s European North... 

Fundamental decisions on Gremikha TSF rehabilitation with consideration for its geographical location, amoimt of accumulated SNF and RW, their storage conditions, structure and technical status of supporting infrastructure are determined by The Concept of Environmental Rehabilitation of Coastal Maintenance Bases in the Northwest Russia [ ] ... 

The Concept ofEnvironmental Rehabilitation of Coastal Maintenance Bases in the Northwest Russia (2004), Moscow (in Russian). 

In compliance with the closed fuel cycle concept accepted in Russia, SNF imloaded from Nuclear Submarines (NSs) with water-cooled reactors (WER) as well as SNF of nuclear icebreakers are forwarded to PA Mayak for reprocessing, fuel of liquid-metal coolant reactors, zirconimn-cladding fuel and damaged Spent Fuel... 

Recently a rather unique concept was developed by a Fast Engineering Ltd. in Russia [859], The catalyst bed of the radial flow reactor is subdivided by cooling elements into several sections in a spiral-like configuration, as shown in Figure 84. In a revamp operation the existing converter of a 600 t/d ammonia plant in the Cherkassy production complex was equipped with a new basket having the innovative design filled with... 

An epoch-making event in solution chemistry happened in 1957. Frank and Wen from USA and Samoilov from Russia presented their papers concerning ionic hydration in the journal, "Discussion of Faraday Society". A new concept on the structure and dynamics of ionic hydration was established in this year, although their models were rather primitive according to the present understanding. Nevenheless, their models are still well accepted by many solution chemists as simple but reasonable ones. Interestingly the two important papers on ionic hydration were leponed in an English journal by an American and a Russian chemists in the period of the cold war. In the scientific community we have neither border nor war. 

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