Rotating needle

In another extractor (Automatic Machinery and Electronics Inc. (AMC)) the individual fmits are cut in half as they pass a stationary knife. The halves are oriented in a vertical plane, picked up by synthetic mbber cups, and positioned across plastic serrated reamers revolving in a synchronized carrier in a vertical plane. As the fmit halves progress around the extractor turntable, the rotating reamers exert increasing pressure and express the juice. The oil and pulp contents in the juice increase with greater reaming pressure. The recoverable oil is removed in a separate step prior to juice extraction. Needle-sharp spikes prick the peel of the whole fmit, releasing oil that is washed away with water and recovered from the oil—water emulsion. 

This dial indicator is fixed to the volute mounting adapter collar of the pump and the needle is on the shaft (Figure 14-21). The shaft should be moved radially by hand (see the arrows) up and down. Note the movement in the indicator. This is a check of the radial tolerance in the bearing. Some people use the word run out . Radial dellection causes misalignment of the rotating and stationary faces of the mechanical seal. This shortens the seal life by eausing drive pins and springs to wear and rub in relative motion. 

Install the pump back plate and seal chamber assembly. Mount the dial indicator on the shaft and place the needle onto the outer diameter of the lip or face of the seal chamber (Figure 14-24). An alternate method would be to place the indicator needle inside the seal chamber bore. Rotate the shaft. This will verify that the shaft is concentric with the seal chamber bore. If it is not concentric, the seal may rub against the bore when the pump is started. 

With the indicator still in this same position, place the needle onto the lip or face of the seal chamber (Figure 14-25). Rotate the shaft. This... 

Sinomenine, CjgHjsO N. This alkaloid, first isolated by Ishiwari, has been investigated by Kondo and by Goto. It crystallises in stellate groups of needles and has two melting-points, 161° and 182°. The specific rotation [ajff is — 70-76° (EtOH). The hydrochloride, B. HCl. 2H2O,... 

Properties.—Colouiless needles, m p. 118-119° dissolves readily in hot water and in 6 parts of water at icp. The acid is racemic the active components exhibit a rotation of [ ]S"= dz 157 in aqueous solution. See Appendix, p. 306. 

By oxidation of d- and Z-pinene of high rotatory power, Barbier and Grignard obtained the optically active forms of pinonic acid. Z-pinene from French turpentine oil (boiling-point 155 to 157 , od - 37 2 157 to 160 , tto - 32 3°) was oxidised with permanganate. From the product of oxidation, which (after elimination of the volatile acids and of nopinic acid) boiled at 189 to 195 under 18 mm. pressure, Z-pinonic acid separated out in long crystalline needles, which, after recrystallisation from a mixture of ether and petroleum ether, melted at 67° to 69 . The acid was easily soluble in water and ether, fairly soluble in chloroform, and almost insoluble in petroleum ether. Its specific rotation is [a]o - 90-5 in chloroform solution. Oximation produced two oximes one, laevo-rotatory, melting-point 128 and the other, dextro-rotatory, melting-point 189° to 191°. 

Cadinene dihydrobromide, C,5H24.2HBr, is obtained by shaking cad-ine dissolved in acetic acid with fuming hydrobromic acid. It forms white needles melting at 124° to 125°, and having a specific rotation — 36 13°. The dihydriodide, C15H24.2HI, prepared in a similar manner, melts at 105° to 106° and has a specific rotation - 48°. 

Caryophyllene nitrosite is an interesting compound. It has the formula CJ5H24N2O3, and was first produced by Schreiner and Kremers. It is form by treating a mixture of equal volumes of the sesquiterpene and petroleum ether with a concentrated solution of sodium nitrite and glacial acetic acid. It crystallises in fine blue needles when re-crvstallised from alcohol it melts at 115° and has a specific rotation -h 103°. 

A pressure gauge fitted at the oil pump outlet connection will show the sum of two pressures, that generated hy the pump itself plus the crankcase pressure. True oil pump pressure can only he indicated hy a dual gauge, in which the oil pump discharge rotates a circular inner scale (see Figure 9.3). On this gauge, the suction pressure is read off the perimeter scale and the oil pump pressure hy observing the position of the needle relative to the inner disc scale. 

Administration of insulin—sites to be used rotation of injection sites (see Home Care Checklist Rotating Insulin Injection Sites) angle of injection administration at die time of day prescribed by the health care provider disposal of die needle and syringe... 

Equation (1) points to a number of important particle properties. Clearly the particle diameter, by any definition, plays a role in the behavior of the particle. Two other particle properties, density and shape, are of significance. The shape becomes important if particles deviate significantly from sphericity. The majority of pharmaceutical aerosol particles exhibit a high level of rotational symmetry and consequently do not deviate substantially from spherical behavior. The notable exception is that of elongated particles, fibers, or needles, which exhibit shape factors, kp, substantially greater than 1. Density will frequently deviate from unity and must be considered in comparing aerodynamic and equivalent volume diameters. 

Turanose Phenylosazone. A mixture of 4 g. of turanose, 2 ec. of water, and 1 co. of phenylhydrazine was warmed on the steam-bath until solution was complete. To the cooled solution was added 3.5 cc. of phenylhydrazine and 4 cc. of glacial acetic acid, and the mixture returned to the steam-bath for one hour. At the expiration of this time, 40 cc. of warm 60% alcohol was added and, upon cooling, a rapid crystallization of the osazone occurred. The osazone was recovered by filtration and washed with absolute alcohol followed by ether to yield 4.2 g. (69%) of lemon-yellow needles. The osazone is soluble in hot water and separates on cooling as jelly-like particles, but water is not a satisfactory solvent for its purification. It was recrystallized from 15 parts of 95% alcohol with good recovery, as needles which melted with decomposition at 200-205° and rotated [ ]d +24.5° - +33.0° (24 hours, constant value c, 0.82) in a mixture of 4 parts of pyridine, by volume, and 6 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol. In methyl cellosolve (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether) solution it rotated C< 3d" + 44.3°— + 48.5° (24 hours, constant value c, 0.80). 

A young Louis Pasteur observed that many salts of tartaric acid formed chiral crystals (which he knew was related to their ability to rotate the plane of polarization of plane-polarized light). He succeeded in solving the mystery of racemic acid when he found that the sodium ammonium salt of racemic acid could be crystallized to produce a crystal conglomerate. After physical separation of the macroscopic enantiomers with a dissecting needle, Pasteur... 

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