Rosin treatment

The pulp and paper industry and potable and wastewater treatment industry are the principal markets for aluminum sulfate. Over half of the U.S. aluminum sulfate produced is employed by the pulp and paper industry. About 37% is used to precipitate and fix rosin size on paper fibers, set dyes, and control slurry pH. Another 16% is utilized to clarify process waters. The alum sold for these purposes is usually Hquid alum. It is frequendy acidic as a result of a slight excess of H2SO4. Aluminum sulfate consumption by the pulp and paper industry is projected to remain constant or decline slightly in the near term because of more efficient use of the alum and an increased use of alkaline sizing processes (13). 

Rosin is polymerized by acid treatment at elevated temperatures, whereby double bonds are eliminated by dimerization. Dimerized rosin (10) has a higher molecular weight and a correspondingly higher softening point. It is more stable because fewer double bonds remain and conjugation is reduced. 

Where treatment, aimed at eliminating the ants, is for some reason impractical, in Central America oil emulsions have been used (6, 7), with satisfactory results. Those readily obtained are Orthol K, Carbolineum 2, Eisaclor 74, and the old favorite kerosine emulsion. In India (60, 79), Derriphyton gave complete kill in 7 days, while fish oil-rosin soap solution with soda ash gave equally good results, but took 10 days for a good kill. Melville (43) found in Kenya that Coccus africanus became very severe followin treatments of coffee with DDT for other insects. His recommendation was the use of oil emulsion sprays after the DDT treatments, if necessary, to get rid of the Coccus infestations. 

For instance in azo pigment manufacture, the crude product is given some form of surface treatment, such as with rosin, to control crystal growth, control aggregation and to aid in dispersion. 

The specimens are then immersed in a molten wax or natural resin and the Cellosolve slowly distilled off. This step invariably involves some shrinkage. Antishrink efficiencies of 80% are, however, obtainable in this way with mixtures of beeswax and rosin. This treatment appears suitable for the preservation of wood artifacts. Christensen (43) has treated wood artifacts by replacing the water with tertiary butanol and this with polyethylene glycol-4000. 

When turpentine has been distilled from plant resin, the remaining residue is rosin, which is used to increase surface friction. Rosin may also be derived directly from plants, if the natural resin is dehydrated. The common uses of rosin are in soldering flux, and as a surface treatment on stringed musical instruments. Athletes also use rosin to enhance the grip of hands and feet in many fields, from gymnastics to ballet. 

The overabundance of one species of resin acid and the presence of neutral materials in a rosin affect its tendency to crystallize. One of the serious problems of tall oil rosin in the early days was its rapid rate of crystallization, making this type of rosin difficult to melt. A commonly used yardstick for keeping rosin and rosin derivatives from serious crystallization problems is to keep any one species of the isomers below 20% of the total. It is generally observed that gum rosin is the least crystallizable and tall oil rosin the most. Heat treatment or minor chemical modification greatly reduces the crystallization tendency of tall oil rosin. 

Hi-pHorm 67. [Hercules] Rosin-based surface treatment agent... 

If pre-treatment is not possible, then the only solution is to remove the rosin/alum reaction as far from the anionic trash as possible, i.e. pre-mix sizing or CRS, and reduce the contact time by late addition of size and alum. This, however, will not cure the problem completely, as the high surface area effect will still be present. 

Rashes of various types have been reported associated with procainamide, but two cases worthy of special mention are a case of generalized vasculitis reported by Dolan (1968) and a case of digital vasculitis reported by Rosin (1967) both could indicate some immune complex phenomena. Agranulocytosis developing after 26-78 days of treatment with the drug and not clearly dose-related has been reported in 12 cases (Wang and Schuller 1969 Konttinen and Tuominen 1971 Hickson et al. 1972 Hensen 1974). 

Uses Antioxidant for lubricants, rubber, waxes monomer stabilizer insecticide mfg. of dyes polymerization inhibitor for acrylic ester monomers chain transfer agent in rubber prod. polymerization control agent in food-pkg. adhesives food and feed additive treatment of food-producing animals mfg. of chlorpromazine and related antipsychotic drugs anthelmintic drug antioxidant in dry rosin size in mfg. of paper/paper-board in contact with aq./fatty foods in food-contact rubber articles for repeated use... 

Ammonium lauryl sulfate Ceteareth-5 Ceteareth-15 PEG-4 tallate Steareth-30 detergent, elastomer polymerization Potassium rosinate detergent, electrolytic cleaning Ceteareth-27 Ceteareth-55 detergent, electroplating Lauramine oxide Sodium-2-ethylhexylsulfoacetate detergent, emollient body treatments Isostearamidopropyl betaine detergent, emulsifiable cones. herbicide Octoxynol-9... 

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