Rose, pigment from

T. Shoji, A. Yanagida and T. Kanda, Gel permeation chromatography of anthocyanin pigments from rose cider and red wine. J. Agr. Food Chem. 47 (1999) 2885-2890. 

Choose a plant or animal and research it in order to write, in detail, the steps for extracting pigment from the chosen plant or animate.g., describe the chemical process for extracting the red pigment from a rose). 

With the overall decline in European and US production since around 1980, there has been massive growth in exports of dyes and pigments from Asia. Exports from China rose 128% during 2003 to 800 million (compared with 324 million in 2000). Nevertheless the growing Chinese economy, and special needs, required the import of colorants valued at 1,763 million during 2003. Exports from lapan and South Korea during 2003 grew... 

Cadmium is widely used in industry for metal coating, pigments and paints, batteries, and in solder alloys. Its principal use is in the production of nickel-cadmium batteries required for portable electronic and electrical equipments. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, the total world refinery production in 1997 rose to 19,500 tons from 18,900 tons a year. 

Last are Car precursors for important metabolites. Only three examples shall be given. The first example is retinal (Fig. 3), which is the chromophore of the visual pigment rhodopsin (23) and is derived from P,P -carotene. Because the latter cannot be synthesized by mammals, they need it to be supplied as provitamin A. Retinal derivatives are also required for other regulatory functions. The second example is abscisic acid (Fig. 3), which is the plant hormone involved in the shedding of leaves in fall and in fruit ripening it is derived from violaxanthin. Finally, certain fragrances of roses are not synthesized directly, but they are breakdown products of the flowers Cars. 

B Rose liquid Carmine Carmine (Coccus cacti L.) CCRIS 1204 Cochineal (Coccus cacti L.) Cochineal extract lake EINECS 215-724-4 FEMA No, 2242 FEMA No. 2330. Aluminum lake of the coloring agent, cochineal cochineal Is a natural pigment derived from the dried female insect Coccus cacti dyes, inks, indicator in chemioal analysis, coloring food, medicine. Acefo Co/p, Greet R.W. Co. Penta Mfg. Warner-Jenkinson. 

Among the worldwide total of 30000 known natural products, about 80% stems from plant resources. The number of known chemical structures of plant secondary metabolites is four times the number of known microbial secondary metabolites. Plant secondary metabolites are widely used as valuable medicines (such as paclitaxel, vinblastine, camptothecin, ginsenosides, and artemisinin), food additives, flavors, spices (such as rose oil, vanillin), pigments (such as Sin red and anthocyanins), cosmetics (such as aloe polysaccharides), and bio-pesticides (such as pyrethrins). Currently, a quarter of all prescribed pharmaceuticals compounds in industrialized countries are directly or indirectly derived from plants, or via semi-synthesis. Furthermore, 11% of the 252 drugs considered as basic and essential by the WHO are exclusively derived from plants. According to their biosynthetic pathways, secondary metabolites are usually classified into three large molecule families phenolics, terpenes, and steroids. Some known plant-derived pharmaceuticals are shown in Table 6.1. 

KT21. Soapstock is recovered via the alkaline refinement process of oilseeds and contains phosphorus lipids, hydrateable and nonsaponifiable compounds, soaps of FFA, vitamins A and E, as well as carotenoid pigments. In their work, condensed corn-soluble basal medium was initially fed with biodiesel glycerol water but when the dissolved oxygen level rose above 10%, the medium was fed with sunflower soapstock. A shift in the monomer compositions from 3-hydroxydecanoate to 3-hydroxyoctanoate was observed when the medium was fed with sunflower soapstock. The final PHA also contained 3-hydroxytetradecanoate and 3-hydroxytetradecenoate monomers with a CDW and PHA content of 17 g/1 and 17%, respectively. 

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