Aloe polysaccharides

Aloe polysaccharides [93] are obtained from the fleshy leaves of Aloe sp. Cmde preparations of Aloe polysaccharides are especially used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations to be applied to the skin, but have other uses as well. 

The effect of aloe polysaccharides on chemopreventive agent was examined on inhibition of formation of B[a]P-adducts DNA in vitro and in vivo 81, 82). Also, a mannose rich polysaccharide, PAC-1 isolated from aloe has shown to have potent stimulatory activity on murine peritoneal macrophage. When PAC-1 was administrated in vivo is capable of prolonging the siuvival of tumor bearing mice 83). 

Among the worldwide total of 30000 known natural products, about 80% stems from plant resources. The number of known chemical structures of plant secondary metabolites is four times the number of known microbial secondary metabolites. Plant secondary metabolites are widely used as valuable medicines (such as paclitaxel, vinblastine, camptothecin, ginsenosides, and artemisinin), food additives, flavors, spices (such as rose oil, vanillin), pigments (such as Sin red and anthocyanins), cosmetics (such as aloe polysaccharides), and bio-pesticides (such as pyrethrins). Currently, a quarter of all prescribed pharmaceuticals compounds in industrialized countries are directly or indirectly derived from plants, or via semi-synthesis. Furthermore, 11% of the 252 drugs considered as basic and essential by the WHO are exclusively derived from plants. According to their biosynthetic pathways, secondary metabolites are usually classified into three large molecule families phenolics, terpenes, and steroids. Some known plant-derived pharmaceuticals are shown in Table 6.1. 

Ni, Y., Yates, K. M. Tizard, 1. R. (2004). Aloe Polysaccharides. In Aloes The Genus Aloe, T. Reynolds (Editor), CRC Press iBoca RATON, 75-87. 

Fig. 12 Mitogenic (Slmit) and comitogenic (SIcomit) activities of the acemannan isolated from the filet (HFl), the polysaccharide complex (SLl) of the skin of aloe vera, and the commercial fungal immunomodulator Zymosan (Zym) [207]...

Aloe barbadensis Miller var. chinensis Berger A. vera L. Lu Wen (Aloe) (aerial part) Aloins, barbaloin, aloe-emodin, polysaccharides 49,50,403,450,510 Laxative, stomachic, emmenagogue. 

Glycosides of Aloe, bacterial polysaccharides Free form in human heart muscle Constituent of the antibiotic Curamycin Constituent of nucleic acids (RNA)... 

Although A. vera sa.dA.ferox species are the most important commercial in the international markets, it is largely the presence of anthrones and polysaccharides content that determine the plants effectiveness for therapeutic activity. There are other Aloe species that could be promoted for similar purposes when those species contain one or both groups of bioactive compounds. The biological activities of the Aloe sp could be attributed to synergic actions of the components rather than from a single component 16). 

Tj/pe IV Pneumococcus Specific Polysaccharide.— This capsular ma-terial ([alo + 33 , water) has been hydrolyzed and shown to contain units of D-glucose and N-acetyl-hexosamine. Its structure has not yet been studied. 

The strong cross-reaction of the polysaccharide of Aloe vera, - which contains D-mannose, D-glucose, and a small proportion of galactose and a pentose, could also be attributed to the presence of multiple residues of d-glucose, since the gum recovered from the immune precipitate contained no galactose. A portion of the D-glucose in Aloe vera is (l->4)-linked and would account for the observed cross-reaction. 

According to David Hudson, a commercial high-purity aloe is the most concentrated product. It is a freeze-dried polysaccharide powder of juices extracted from Aloe Vera grown on a volcanic island in the Caribbean. The relevant authorities authorized this high-purity Aloe for feline AIDS but not for cancer treatment in humans. In AIDS patients, the thymus is usually shmnken. High-purity aloe in the blood stream seems to increase the white blood cells and T-cells dramatically. The increase in T-cells comes from recovered activity in the thymus, which can grow by forty percent after treatment for one and a half months. ... 

No significant adverse effects were noted when technical grade acemannan (a polysaccharide fraction of aloe gel) was administered orally to rats for 14 days as 5% of the diet and for 6 months at up to 2000 mg/kg daily and to beagle dogs for 90 days at up to 1500 mg/kg daily (Fogelman et al. 1992). 

C5H10O5, Mr 150.13. d-A. mp. 159-160°C, [a]n -175- -105° (H2O) l-A. mp. 160°C, [a]o +190- +105 (HjO). Monosaccharide of the aldopen-tose series. d-A. occurs only rarely in nature in bacterial polysaccharides. l-A. is frequently found in nature in plants, gums, hemicelluloses, pectins, bacterial polysaccharides, in the form of glycosides, glycocon-jugates, and heteropolysaccharides. l-A. is isolated from dried beet pulp. Aloe, and gums. ... 

Four partially acetylated D-gluco-D-mannans have been isolated from the leaves of Aloe vera The polysaccharides differed in the ratio of D-glucose to D-mannose as well as in their acetyl content. The results of methylation and periodate-ion oxidation analyses sTiowed that the polymers were all linear with only (1 -> 4) linkages present. 

Yao, H Chen, Y, Li, S., Huang, L Chen, W, and Lin, X. (2009). Promotion proliferation effect of a polysaccharide from Aloe barbadensis Miller on human fibroblasts in vitro,... 

Manuf./Distrib. Chart http //www.chartcorp.com, Grau Aromatics http //www.grau-aromatics.de Trade Name Synonyms Aloe Vera Polysaccharide 0179121B01 f [Terry Labs http //www.terryiabs.com], Aquasol 105 t[Apree4] Pronalen Aloe HSC [Provital S. Black http //www.sbiack.com], Pronalen Aloe SPE t[Provital S. Black http //www.sbiack. com]... 

Aloe Vera Oil Extract CG Aloe Vera Polysaccharide 0179121B01 Aloe Vera Powd. 200 1 Extract-Microfine Aloe Vera Powd. 200 1 Extract-Natural Aquasol 105... 

Aloe Vera Polysaccharide 0179121601 Aquasol 105 Pronalen Aloe HSC Pronalen Aloe SPE 305-187-5... 

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