Role of polymeric materials

Role of Polymeric Materials in the Fabrication of Ion-Selective Electrodes and Biosensors... 

Although most of the literature is dealing with developments of new active materials in order to increase battery energy and power density, focusing mainly on high voltage materials for positive electrode and silicone-based alloys for negative electrode, very few scientific papers explore the role of polymeric materials in lithium batteries. 

An additional possible role for water in AB cements is plasticization. Water is known to act as plasticizer for a number of polymeric materials, whether synthetic or natural, and whether or not they are predominantly... 

Kazarian et al. [281-283] have used various spectroscopic techniques (including FUR, time-resolved ATR-FHR, Raman, UV/VIS and fluorescence spectroscopy) to characterise polymers processed with scC02. FTIR and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy have played an important role in developing the understanding and in situ monitoring of many SCF processes, such as drying, extraction and impregnation of polymeric materials. 

Solvents play an important role in polymer/additive analysis, namely for extraction of additives and dissolution of polymeric material, as a chromatographic liquid and as a window in spectroscopy. A solvent should generally have the following properties ... 

Diblock copolymers represent an important and interesting class of polymeric materials, and are being studied at present by quite a large number of research groups. Most of the scientific interest has been devoted to static properties and to the identification of the relevant parameters controlhng thermodynamic properties and thus morphologies [257-260]. All these studies have allowed for improvements to the random phase approximation (RPA) theory first developed by Leibler [261]. In particular, the role of the concentration fluctuations, which occur and accompany the order-disorder transition, is studied [262,263]. 

The hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of materials are the most fundamental properties to be controlled whenever they are utilized in biomedical devices. In Sect. 2, the author will review the role of hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of polymeric materials in protein adsorption processes on their surfaces. It is well-known that protein adsorption is the first event when any of the body fluids encounters artificial materials. 

The Role of Polymeric Matrix in the Processing and Structural Properties of Composite Materials, (eds.) Seferis, J. C., Nicolais, L., Plenum Press, New York 1983... 

Chemical engineers have worked with polymers since the first Bakelite articles were produced early in this century. Since then, the class of polymeric materials has grown to encompass a whole range of thermoset and thermoplastic resins, as well as copolymers and polymer blends, and chemical engineers have played major roles in the rise of these materials to commercial success. From production of the resins (which involves heat and mass transfer, kinetics, fluid dynamics, process design, and control) to the fabrication of final articles (involving many of the same processes, as well as some unit operations not part of traditional chemical engineering, such as extrusion... 

During the past decade there has been very intense experimental and theoretical research on the physics and chemistry of polymeric materials. This work has led to the discovery of a great number of organic and inorganic crystals built from polymers or molecular stacks which have a quasi-one-dimensional electronic system and exhibit fascinating electric, magnetic, etc. properties. Other polymers have proved to play a fundamental role in the biosciences. 

The leading mechanisms of flame retardance of polymers may be related to physical or chemical effects at any stage of the combustion. As a rule, the chemical influences (characterized by the rate constants of the respective reactions) are closely interrelated with the physical ones (characterized by heat- and mass-transfer parameters). Establishing the role of each factor and estimating its individual contribution to the overall effect is important for the development of ways of reducing the flammability of polymeric materials. 

There is a special kind of particulate matter so called "black smoke" that cover polymer surfaces very tightly and is difficult to remove. Black smoke may contain stable unpaired electrons (free radicals) which may play a specific role in photostabilization of polymeric materials by scavenging free radicals formed from photolysis of polymers. 

Polymers are playing increasingly important roles in packaging and interconnection as the versatility of being able to customize their mechanical and electrical properties becomes better established and more well known. The rest of this book presents specific chapters on polymeric materials and their applications in this field. In reading them it is hoped the reader will keep in mind the increasingly important roles of these materials, their consequent market value, and their place in the hierarchy of electronic packaging and interconnection. 

We first give a concise review of the effects of orientation and crystallinity on the barrier properties of polymeric materials, paying particular attention to their effects on the solubility and diffusion coefficients. This will provide useful background for considering the transport properties of liquid crystal polymers which, because of their unique properties, may have some role to play in the quest for improved barrier polymers. 

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