Robinson, Arthur

Robinson, Arthur L. "National Synchrotron Light Source Readied." Science, 214, October 16, 1981. 

For syntheses of nitidine and other aromatic benzophenanthridines by a useful modification of the Robinson-Arthur approach, see (a) K.-Y. Zee-Cheng and C. C. Cheng,... 

The Paris school included Robert Lespieau (18641947), Georges Dupont (18841958), Charles Prevost (18991983), and Albert Kirrmann (19001974). Principal figures in the London-Manchester school were Arthur Lapworth (18721941), Thomas Martin Lowry (18741936), Robert Robinson (18861975), Jocelyn Thorpe (18721940), and Christopher Ingold (18931970). A broadly defined German research school pursuing ionic and electronic theories of reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry does not enter into this history, because it did not exist. 

See Addendum I in G. N. Burkhardt, Arthur Lapworth and Others, typescript in Robert Robinson papers, Library of the Royal Society of London. Students preparing the diplome d etudes superieures in chemistry at the Ecole Normale Superieure in the 1920s were asked to discuss questions in the oral part of the juried examination. Topics included catalysis, stereochemistry of salt complexes, and the origins of atomic notation. See bound copy of examination memoirs, presented to Albert Kirrmann, in archives of Ecole Normale Superieure Laboratoire de Chimie. 

See Robinson, Memoirs of a Minor Prophet, 69 Martin Saltzmann, "Arthur Lapworth The Genesis of Reaction Mechanism," JChem.Ed. 49 (1972) 750752. 

Letter from Robert Robinson to Arthur Lapworth, 15 February 1919, Robinson Papers, D. 38, RSL. 

Diagram from Arthur Lapworth s letter of 26 February 1919 to Robert Robinson, in correspondence exchanging ideas and visual representations about reaction... 

Arthur Lapworth. "Latent Polarities of Atoms," 116 Robert Robinson, "The Conjugation of Partial Valencies," ibid., no. 4 (1920) 114. This paper is reproduced in Robinson s Memoirs. 

Burkhardt, "Arthur Lapworth and Others," 31. Also quoted in Martin D. Saltzmann, "Sir Robert Robinson," 545. 

Arthur Lapworth, letter to the editor, Chemistry and Industry 44 (1925) 8384 Or see Saltzmann, "Sir Robert Robinson," 564, also by Lapworth. 

Like Arthur Lapworth, and unlike Thomas Lowry and Robert Robinson, Christopher Ingold was a scientist comfortable in the laboratory domains of both physical chemistry and organic chemistry. As his student, Derek Davenport, remarked in 1987, Ingold became the clear leader of the "emerging discipline" of physical organic chemistry when he "harnessed chemical kinetics to his discussions of reaction mechanisms" ... 

Lapworth, Arthur, and Robert Robinson. "Remarks on some Recent Contributions to the Theory of Induced Alternate Polarities in a Chain of Atoms." Trans.Far.Soc. 19 (1923) 503505. 

Baker, W. J. Chem. Soc. 1933, 1381. Wilson Baker (1900-2002) was bom in Rnn-com, England. He studied chemistry at Manchester under Arthur Lapworth and at Oxford under Robinson. In 1943, Baker was the first one who confirmed that penicillin contained sulfur, of which Robinson commented This is a feather in your cap. Baker. Baker began his independent academic career at University of Bristol. He retired in 1965 as the head of the School of Chemistry. Baker was a weU-known chemist centenarian, spending 47 years in retirement ... 

I. Birch, A. J. J. Chem. Soc. 1944, 430. Arthur Birch (1915—1995), an Australian, developed the Birch reduction at Oxford University dnring WWIl in Robert Robinson s laboratory. The Birch reduction was instrumental to the discovery of the birth control pill and many other drugs. 

O-R [1], kO-R [0.1] [inhibition of Forskolin-stimulated cAMP production via pO-R [26 nM], SO- R [3], kO-R [2] addictive, analgesic, antitussive, sedative, spasmolytic, toxic] Hermann Goring, WW2 Luftwaffe C-in-C, morphine addict (1925) laudanum (opium) used by Mrs Robinson in alleged murder of Bertie Robinson, allegedly plagiarized cuckolded by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (The Hound of the Thomas de Quincey (Confessions Baskervilles) eighteenth-... 

R. Robinson, In Festschrift Arthur Stoll pp. 457-467. Birkhauser, Basel, 1957. 

Robinson, R. (1947). Arthur Lapworth, 1872-1941. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 5 554-572. 

Founds, with Arthur Robinson, his own research institute devoted to health issues, including the effects of vitamin C... 

The origin of metabolomics, as a part of systems biology, can be dated to the 1970s when Arthur Robinson and coworkers, in research regarding the nutritional needs of volunteers, proposed taking into account and analyzing not only one but many of the chromatographic peaks derived from metabolites in their urine [1]. 

Banks WA, Robinson SM, Wolf KM, Bess JW, Jr, Arthur LO (2004c) Binding, internalization, and membrane incorporation of human immunodeficiency virus-1 at the blood-brain barrier is differentially regulated. Neuroscience 128 143-153. 

The reason was the first ever use of curly or curved arrows, in this case to represent tautomerism in A,A-dimethylamino derivatives. While the arrows were not then meant to indicate movement of electrons (as was later universal in the electronic theory of organic reactions), it is most probable that the symbols were adopted by Robert Robinson who, with Watson, worked at British Dyes during World War I123. Arthur Lapworth and Alfred Werner had already used arrows in mechanistic studies, the former perhaps influenced by the inventor of the TNA process, Bernard J. FlUrscheim, who explained benzene substitution patterns in terms of affinity demand , indicated by arrowed bonds124. 

Studies directed at a synthesis of the morphine alkaloids. Regiocontrol in Robinson-type annulations of 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxo-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid. gamma.-lactones Schultz, Arthur G. Shannon, Paul J. 

Ellis, Arthur B. Geselbracht, MargretJ. Johnson, Brian J. Lisensky, George C. and Robinson, William R. (1993). Teaching General Chemistry A Materials Science Companion. Washington, DC American Chemical Society. 

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