Manchester and London

Dalton, John. 1808. A New System of Chemical Philosophy. Manchester and London Bickerstaff, 1808-27. 

Fig. 2.15 Gerold Schwarzenbach (1904-1978) did his Ph.D. in 1928 at the ETH Zurich with Professor William D. Treadwell in analytical chemistry and, after a year with Sir Robert Robinson at Manchester and London, became Oberassistent at the Chemische Institut of the University of Zurich. In the 1930s he started his work on the coordination capabilities of a new class of polydentate ligands (Komplexone) which soon received world-wide recognition. In 1942, he was promoted as Associate Professor and in 1947 as Professor of Analytical Chemistry at the University of Zurich but returned in 1955 to the ETH, where he was the Director of the Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry until his retirement in 1973 (photo from Helv. Chim. Acta 75, 21-61 (1992) reproduced with permission of Dr. Kisakurek, Editor of Helvetica Chimica Acta)...

A simple analogy describes the situation fairly well. Suppose we assume that three points A, X, and B lie on a straight line, then, if we determine the ratio AXjBX, we shall define the position of X accurately in relation to the other two. Suppose now we assume that we can define the position of Rugby by a linear interpolation between Manchester and London, we shall not do badly. If, on the other hand, we make the best computation of the position of Plymouth on such a basis, it will be a very poor best at that. Everything thus depends upon the initial choice of the reference functions. 

Morton, W. E., Hearle, J. W. S. (1962). Physical Properties of Textile Fibers. The Textile Institute, Butterworths, Manchester and London. 

J.W.Hearle and R.H.Peters, Fiber Structure, Eds. Manchester and London,The Textile Insitute, Butherworths,1964... 

Imperial College, London to Anne Delahaye at the Library of Lincoln College, Oxford Colin Harris at the Duke Humphreys Manuscript Collection of the Bodleian Library, Oxford and to N. H. Robinson and Sandra Cumming at the Library of the Royal Society of London. I very much enjoyed the hospitality of Ruth Harris and Iain Pears in Oxford and London and of Rhoda Lee in Manchester. 

In the conclusion, the relationship of disciplines to schools and traditions is discussed, both in the particular instances of the Paris and London-Manchester schools and in the more general history of Continental and Anglo-American science, using elements of the disciplinary identity schema developed at the beginning of the book. I end with an inquiry into the views of mid-twentieth-century theoretical chemists and chemical physicists on the commensurability of their disciplines, the reducibility of chemical explanation to physical principles and laws, and the distinctiveness of chemistry from physics. 

Thus, this history of London-Manchester chemistry illustrates lines of genealogy both in the biological sense and in the disciplinary sense, with overlapping traditions carried by disciplinary practitioners moving from London to Manchester and back again. We also can see that there was a strong German connection. 

A. S. Russell, "Lord Rutherford Manchester, 19071919 A Partial Portrait," 87101, in J. B. Birks, ed., Rutherford at Manchester (London Heywood and Co., 1962), on 88. The Gaiety Repertory Theater specialized in Shaw and Galsworthy, according to J. L. Heilbron, H. G. J. Moseley The Life and Letters of an English Physicist, 18871915 (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London University of California Press, 1974) ... 

Emest Rutherford (Baron Rutherford), bom near Nelson New Zealand, 1871. Studied at Cambridge under J. J. Thomson. Professor McGill University (Montreal), Manchester, and Cambridge. Nobel prize in chemistry 1908 for work on radioactivity, alpha particles, and atomic stmcture. Knighted 1914. Died London, 1937. 

G. N. Burkhardt, Arthur Lapworth and others , unpublished memoirs. Copies are deposited in the University Libraries at Manchester and Hull, and with the Royal Society in London. 

Edinburgh, London, CalTech, Manchester, and Cambridge. He won. the NcHoel prize in 1957 for his work the synthesis of the most Important coenzymes and nucleotides, This was a remarkable achievement becausehe -V had to find out how to do phosphate, / ribose, and purine chemlstryrihone pf / which was known, when he sterted fnd -none of which was easyaSlhiSbrfof / excursion should show. -=,... 

The Daresbury Laboratory CRAY-1 computer is accessed by means of an IBM 370/165 which is linked to computers at the S.E.R.C s Rutherford Laboratory, C.E.R.N. and workstations in many Universities. The S.E.R.C. network in fact incorporates links to 10 mainframe and 76 minicomputers and to 44 different sites. The CRAY-1 was installed at Daresbury for an initial period of two years, extendable for a third year. The S.E.R.C. buys an average of eight hours per day from CRAY Research Inc. Ltd., and the possibility exists that the machine will be upgraded to a CRAY-1 Model S/500. Proposals are also under consideration for the installation of supercomputers at the two largest University regional computer centres - London and Manchester - and at the S.E.R.C s Rutherford Laboratory where the existing twin IBM 360/195 machines are scheduled for replacement in 1982/3. Again these machines would be accessible via workstations in a number of University departments around the U.K. 

Our own work on quantum dots was instigated by Tito Trindade (Universidade Aveiro), principally exploiting carbamato precursors initially developed by Azad Malik, this initial work was ably extended by Mark Green (Oxonica Ltd) and Neer-ish Revaprasasu (University of Zululand) and is now carried on by the team in the University of Manchester and NanoCo Ltd. Our work has been extensively supported by the EPSRC in the UK and our fruitful collaborations with South Africa have been made possible by the long term support of the Royal Society in London and the NRF in South Africa. 

In 1907 he returned to England to become the Langworthy professor of physics at the University of Manchester, and in 1919 became the Cavendish professor of physics at Cambridge and chairman of the advisory council, H. M. Government, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research professor of natural philosophy, Royal Institution, London and director of the Royal Society Mond Laboratory, Cambridge. 

Haber, in an act of human decency, resisted. He felt that less prominent scientists, being more vulnerable, deserved more protection, not less. Over the opposition of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society s general secretary, Haber chose to dismiss the institute s two most renowned scientists, Herbert Freundlich and Michael Polanyi. These were the scientists likely to have the greatest success finding positions abroad. (Polanyi already had an offer waiting from the University of Manchester, and Freundlich quickly landed a position at University College in London.)... 

J. R. S. Thom, W. M. Walker, T. A. Fallon, and G. F. S. Reising, Boiling in Subcooled Water During Flow Up Heated Tubes or Annuli, in Symposium on Boiling Heat Transfer in Steam Generation Units and Heat Exchangers, Manchester, IMechE, London, Paper 6, September 1965. 

On William Henry Perkin (1860-1929), ODNB, Waynfiete professor of chemistry 1913-1929, J. Greenaway, J. F. Thorpe and R. Robinson, The Life and Work of William Henry Perkin, Chemical Society, London, 1932 Robinson, J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 1929, 48,1008 J. Morrell, W. H. Perkin, Jr. at Manchester and Oxford , Osiris, 1993, 8, 104 Perkin, Baeyer Memorial Lecture , Memorial Lectures delivered before the Chemical Society, 1914-1932, Chemical Society, London 1933, 47 H. E. Armstrong, Perkin , Nature, 1929, 124, 623. 

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