Lapworth. Arthur

Lapworth, Arthur, 707 Lard, composition of, 1062 Latex, rubber from, 245 vulcanization of, 245-246 Laurene, synthesis of, 875 Laurie acid, structure of, 1062 LDS0, 25 table of, 26... 

Lapworth, Arthur. "The Form of Change in Organic Compounds and the Function of the alpha-meta Orientating Groups." JCS 79 (1901) 12651284. 

Lapworth, Arthur, and Robert Robinson. "Remarks on some Recent Contributions to the Theory of Induced Alternate Polarities in a Chain of Atoms." Trans.Far.Soc. 19 (1923) 503505. 

In one of the earliest mechanistic investigations m organic chemistry Arthur Lapworth discovered m 1904 that the rates of chlorination and brommation of acetone were the... 

Arthur Lapworth (1872-1941) was born in Galashiels, Scotland, and received a D.Sc. at the City and Guilds Institute, London. He was professor of chemistry at the University of Manchester from 1909 until his retirement in 1937. 

The Paris school included Robert Lespieau (18641947), Georges Dupont (18841958), Charles Prevost (18991983), and Albert Kirrmann (19001974). Principal figures in the London-Manchester school were Arthur Lapworth (18721941), Thomas Martin Lowry (18741936), Robert Robinson (18861975), Jocelyn Thorpe (18721940), and Christopher Ingold (18931970). A broadly defined German research school pursuing ionic and electronic theories of reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry does not enter into this history, because it did not exist. 

See Addendum I in G. N. Burkhardt, Arthur Lapworth and Others, typescript in Robert Robinson papers, Library of the Royal Society of London. Students preparing the diplome d etudes superieures in chemistry at the Ecole Normale Superieure in the 1920s were asked to discuss questions in the oral part of the juried examination. Topics included catalysis, stereochemistry of salt complexes, and the origins of atomic notation. See bound copy of examination memoirs, presented to Albert Kirrmann, in archives of Ecole Normale Superieure Laboratoire de Chimie. 

See Robinson, Memoirs of a Minor Prophet, 69 Martin Saltzmann, "Arthur Lapworth The Genesis of Reaction Mechanism," JChem.Ed. 49 (1972) 750752. 

Recalled in Arthur Lapworth, "Latent Polarities of Atoms and Mechanism of Reaction, with Special Reference to Carbonyl Compounds," Mem.Manchester LPS 64, no. 3 (191920) 15. 

Letter from Robert Robinson to Arthur Lapworth, 15 February 1919, Robinson Papers, D. 38, RSL. 

Diagram from Arthur Lapworth s letter of 26 February 1919 to Robert Robinson, in correspondence exchanging ideas and visual representations about reaction... 

Arthur Lapworth. "Latent Polarities of Atoms," 116 Robert Robinson, "The Conjugation of Partial Valencies," ibid., no. 4 (1920) 114. This paper is reproduced in Robinson s Memoirs. 

Norman Burkhardt, "Arthur Lapworth and Others Structure, Properties, and Mechanism of Reactions of Carbon Compounds Some Developments 1898 to 1939, with Particular Reference to Arthur Lapworth and his Work," typescript, 150 pp., with addenda, written 19731978, bound and deposited at Royal Society of London, 1980 8889. 

Burkhardt, "Arthur Lapworth and Others," 31. Also quoted in Martin D. Saltzmann, "Sir Robert Robinson," 545. 

Arthur Lapworth, letter to the editor, Chemistry and Industry 44 (1925) 8384 Or see Saltzmann, "Sir Robert Robinson," 564, also by Lapworth. 

Burkhardt, "Arthur Lapworth and Others," 143. C. K. Ingold, "The Significance of Tautomerism and of the Reactions of Aromatic Compounds in the Electronic Theory of Organic Reactions," JCS (1933) 1120 and C. 

Like Arthur Lapworth, and unlike Thomas Lowry and Robert Robinson, Christopher Ingold was a scientist comfortable in the laboratory domains of both physical chemistry and organic chemistry. As his student, Derek Davenport, remarked in 1987, Ingold became the clear leader of the "emerging discipline" of physical organic chemistry when he "harnessed chemical kinetics to his discussions of reaction mechanisms" ... 

Arthur Lapworth, chairholder in both physical chemistry and organic chemistry at the University of Manchester. Courtesy of the Royal Society of Chemistry, and courtesy of the History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma. From Alexander Findlay and William Hobson Mills, eds. British Chemists (London The Chemical Society, 1947). 

Baker, W. J. Chem. Soc. 1933, 1381. Wilson Baker (1900-2002) was bom in Rnn-com, England. He studied chemistry at Manchester under Arthur Lapworth and at Oxford under Robinson. In 1943, Baker was the first one who confirmed that penicillin contained sulfur, of which Robinson commented This is a feather in your cap. Baker. Baker began his independent academic career at University of Bristol. He retired in 1965 as the head of the School of Chemistry. Baker was a weU-known chemist centenarian, spending 47 years in retirement ... 

Lapworth, A. J. J. Chem. Soc. 1903, 83, 995. Arthur Lapworth (1872—1941) was bom in Scotland. He was one of the great figures in the development of the modem view of the mechanism of organic reactions. Lapworth investigated the Benzoin condensation at the Chemical Department, The Goldsmiths Institute, New Cross, UK. 

Thiamin itself (in the absence of enzyme) had previously been shown to catalyse the formation of acetoin from acetaldehyde, albeit in very poor yield (Ukai et al., 1943 Mizuhara et al., 1951 Mizuhara and Handler, 1954). The reaction parallels the formation of benzoin from benzaldehyde, catalysed by cyanide ion. The mechanism of the latter reaction had been suggested in 1903 by Arthur Lapworth, who had shown how an aldehyde, R—CHO, could be converted into the equivalent of the anion R—C=0- (Lapworth, 1903). It is this idea that Breslow carried over to thiamin pyrophosphate and used to... 

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